• Regular verbs form their past tense and past participle by adding 'ed'.


    • Walk -- walked -- walked


  • Irregular verbs form their past tense and past participle in a different way from adding ed.


    • Verbs in which all three forms are the same: cut - cut - cut


    • Verbs in which two of the three forms are the same: sit - sat - sat


    • Verbs in which all three forms are different: ring - rang - rung






Question Answer
Rama writes to his mother every week. write - wrote
The wind blows furiouslyblows - blew
The boy stands on the burning deck. stands - stood
The door flies open.flies - flew
She sings sweetly. sings - sang
The old woman sits in the sun.sits - sat
Abdul swims very well indeedswims - swam
His voice shakes with emotion. shakes - shook
He drives a roaring trade. drives - drove
He bears a grudge against his old uncle. bears - bore
He spends his time in idlenessspends - spent
He feels sorry for his faults. feels - felt
A portrait of Mahatma Gandhi hangs on the wallhangs - hung
The kite flies gaily into the air.flies - flew
He wears away his youth in trifles. wears - wore






Question Answer
It is years since I --- him. He has --- his best days. (See) It is years since I saw him. He has seen his best days.
Of late the custom has --- into disuse. The lot --- upon him. (Fall) Of late the custom has fallen into disuse. The lot fell upon him.
The toast was --- with great enthusiasm. (Drink) The toast was drunk with great enthusiasm.
He --- freely when he had drunk alcohol. Marathi is --- in Maharashtra. (Speak) He spoke freely when he had drunk alcohol. Marathi is spoken in Maharashtra
My patience --- out at last. The inscription has --- away in several places. (Wear) My patience wore out at last. The inscription has worn away in several places.
In a fit of rage she --- up the letter. The country is --- by factions.(Tear) In a fit of rage she tore up the letter. The country is torn by factions.
He has been --- by a scorpion. The remark --- him (Sting) He has been stung by a scorpion. The remark stung him
You look as if you had --- all the way home. He --- for his life. (Run) You look as if you had run all the way home. He ran for his life.
Once Sydney Smith, being asked his name by the servant, found to his dismay that he had --- his own name (Forget) Once Sydney Smith, being asked his name by the servant, found to his dismay that he had forgotten his own name
A better day for a drive could not have been ---. (Choose) A better day for a drive could not have been chosen.
Computer technology has --- a long way since the 1970s. (Come) Computer technology has come a long way since the 1970s.
The old beggar was --- by a mad dog. A mad dog --- him. (Bite) The old beggar was bitten by a mad dog. A mad dog bit him.
The boy has --- across the Indus. (Swim) The boy has swum across the Indus
I think he should have --- and told us. Honesty is --- on his face. (Write) I think he should have written and told us. Honesty is written on his face.
He -- the book on the table. He had not --- a finger on him. They --- their heads together. (Lay) He laid the book on the table. He had not laid a finger on him. They laid their heads together.




  • Auxiliary verb: Auxiliary verbs are so called because they help to form the various tenses, moods, and voices of other verbs. The principal ones are be, do, and have.


  • Modal verbs: These combine with other verbs to express necessity, possibility, intention, or ability. The modal auxiliary verbs are must, shall, will, should, would, ought (to), can, could, may, and might.








Question Answer
I don't think I (shall, should, can) be able to go shall
He (shall, will, dare) not pay unless he is compelled. will
You (should, would, ought) be punctual. should
I wish you (should, would, must) tell me earlier. would
(Shall, Will, Would) I assist you? shall
(Shall, should would) you please help me with this? would
You (ought, should, must) to pay your debts. ought
He said you (can, might, should) use his telephone at any time. might
If you (shall, should, would) see him, give him my regards. should
He (need, dare, would) not ask for a rise, for fear of losing his job. dare
I (needn't to see, needn't have seen, didn't need to see) him, so I sent a letter. didnt need to see
(Shall, Might, Could) you show me the way to the station? could
To save my life, I ran fast, and (would, could, was able to) reach safely. was able to
I (would, used, ought) to be an atheist but now I believe in God. used
You (needn't, mustn't, won't) light a match; the room is full of gas. mustnt






Question Answer
Possibly she isn't Anil's sister. She may not be Anil's sister
Perhaps we will go to Shimla next month. We may go to shimla next month
My sister was able to read the alphabet when she was 18 months old. My sister could read the alphabet when she was 18 months old.
It is necessary that you do not wash the car. (The paint is still wet.) You must not wash the car
It is not necessary for you to wash the car. (It is clean.) You need not wash the car
I am certain that they have left already. They must have left already
Do you allow me to use your phone? May I use your phone.




  • A word that modifies the meaning of a verb, an adjective, or another Adverb is called an Adverb.


    • Rama runs quickly. [ quickly shows how (or in what manner) Rama runs; that is, quickly modifies the Verb runs. ]


    • This is a very sweet mango. [very shows how much (or in what degree) the mango is sweet; that is, very modifies the Adjective sweet.]


    • Govind reads quite clearly. [ quite shows how far (or to what extent) Govind reads clearly; that is, quite modifies the Adverb clearly. ]






Question Answer
We rose very early. very early
He was ill pleased. ill
Try again. again
He is too shy too
I am so glad to hear it. so






Question Adjective Adverb
Very This is the very book I want This book is very interesting
near The church is quite near The summer holidays are drawing near
ill He is in ill temper He speaks ill of his neighbour
only I was the only person wearing a coat I saw him only 10 minutes ago
clean Keep the room clean I clean forgot about it




Positive Comparitive Superlative
Suddenly more suddenly most suddenly
often more often most often
near nearer nearest
loud louder loudest
hard harder hardest






Question Answer
He invited me to visit him (often). He often invited me to visit him.
I am determined to yield this point (never) I am determined never to yield this point.
I know the answer (already). I already know the answer.
We have seen her in the square(just) We have just seen her in the square.
I have to reach the office by 9:30 (usually). I usually have to reach the office by 9:30.
Will he be there (still)? Will he still be there?




  • A Preposition is a word placed before a noun or a pronoun to show in what relation the person or thing denoted by it stands in regard to something else. Example: in, of, off


    • There is a cow in the field. [ The word in shows the relation between two things - cow and field. ]


    • He is fond of tea. [ The word of shows the relation between the attribute expressed by the adjective fond and tea. ]


    • The cat jumped of the chair. [ The word off shows the relation between the action expressed by the verb jumped and the chair. ]








Question Answer
Little Jack Horner sat in a corner. in
Old Mother Hubbard, she went to the cupboard. to
The lion and the unicorn fought for the crown. for
Humpty Dumpty sat on a wall. on
Wee Willie Winkie runs through the town. through






Question Answer
Come down. down - adverb
We sailed down the river. down - preposition
The man walked round the house round - preposition
He sat on a stool. on - preposition
The carriage moved on. on - adverb






Word Preposition Adverb
Behind There is a garden behind the house The dog was running behind
up It is difficult to climb up the hill Lift your head up
by He arrived by air He hurried by without a word
along He walked along the road We were asked to move along
in There was nobody in the room Come in , Please






Question Answer
The dog ran --- the road. along
The river flows --- the bridge. under
The work was done --- haste. in
He is afraid --- the dog. of
I am fond --- music. of
He goes --- Sunday --- church. on, to
He died --- his country. for
The steam-engine was invented --- James Watt. by
The burglar jumped --- the compound wall. over
The village was destroyed --- fire. by
He lives --- Hyderabad. He lives --- 48 Tilak Street. in, at
He started --- six --- the morning. at, in
He hanged himself --- a piece of cloth with
The portrait was painted --- a famous artist who flourished --- the Sixteenth century. by, in
I must start --- dawn to reach the station in time. at
I hope to reach the station --- an hour at the outside. in
The child has been missing --- yesterday. since
The caravan must reach its destination --- sunset by / before
The mail train is due --- 3 P.M at
He travelled thirty kilometers --- two hours. in