SET 17 Previous year papers of GATE, NET, SET

As per the software engineering practices, two kinds of software products are :

Generic and customized

Licensed and open source

General and web based

Procedural and object oriented

Ans .

Explanation : Based on how and why the software products are being developed, software products can be of two types Generic and Customized.

As per the practices of software engineering, the cost of software production is ditributed as:

development cost 50% and testing cost 40%

development cost 80% and testing cost 20%

development cost 90% and testing cost 10%

development cost 60% and testing cost 40%

Ans .

Explanation : The testing must be incorporated in every step of the development cycle to ensure a secure system and also which makes the system robust.

Fundamental software engineering activities are software:

Specification, development, validation, evolution

Specification, development, validation, production

Performance, development, validation, evolution

Performance, production, validation, evolution

Ans .

Explanation : A software process is a sequence of activities that leads to the production of a software product. There are four fundamental activities that are common to all software processes. These activities are: Specification, Development, Validation, Evolution.

The process of removing the deficiencies and loopholes in the data is called as:

Aggregation of data

Extracting of data

Cleaning up of data

Loading of data

Ans .

Explanation : Maintaining excellent quality data is essential to ensure long-term customers relationships so data cleaning is necessary.

The type of relation in star schema is:

Many to many

One to one

One to many

Many to one

Ans .

Explanation : Because each record in a dimension table can describe many records in the fact table.

The full form of OLAP is:

Online Analytical Processing

Online Advanced Processing

Online Advanced Preparation

Online Analytical Performance

Ans .

Explanation : OLAP allows users to analyze database information from multiple database systems at one time.

Which of the following scheme is used to deal with burst errors that occur over multipath and fading channels?

Intersymbol

Interleaving

Interfading

Intercell

Ans .

Explanation : The basic principle of interleaving is to spread burst errors over many code words. So fading causes bit errors to occur in bursts corresponding to the times when the channel is in a deep fade.

Which of the following tranmission media uses metal cables to transmit data?

Fibre Optics

Microwaves

Twisted Pair

Hybrid Pair

Ans .

Explanation : This cable is the most commonly used and is cheaper than others. It is lightweight, cheap, can be installed easily, and they support many different types of network.

Speedup of a parallel program is:

Speedup= time required for non-parallel program execution/ time required for parallel version execution

Speedup= time required for parallel program execution/ time required for sequential version execution

Speedup= time required for non-parallel program execution/ time required for heterogeneous program execution

Speedup= time required for homogeneous non-parallel program execution/ time required for heterogeneous program execution

Ans .

Explanation : Speedup is a number that measures the relative performance of two systems processing the same problem. More technically, it is the improvement in speed of execution of a task executed on two similar architectures with different resources

10.

Efficiency of a parallel computer lies between:

0 and 900

1 and 100

0 and 100

0 and 1

Ans .

Explanation : The definition of parallel efficiency is indeed commonly defined as the speedup divided by the number of units of execution (processors, cores, ...) which will always be between 0 and 1 since the units of execution will increase in parallel computer.

11.

Which of the following statements is false ?

R - (Q U P) = (R - Q) - P

P - (R U Q) = (P - Q) - R

Q - (P U R) = (Q - R) - P

P - (Q U R) = (P - R) - Q

Ans .

A/B/C/D

Explanation : No specific explanation. Its a disjoint rule.

12.

- Let f: X -> Y and g: Y -> Z. Let h= g o f : X -> Z. Suppose g is one to one and onto. Which of the following is not true?

If f is one-to-one then h is one-to-one and onto

If f is not onto then h is not onto

If f is not one-to-one then h is not one-to-one

If f is one-to-one then h is one-to-one

Ans .

Explanation : If a function is one to one and onto then all the functions resulting from this function will be one to one and onto as well.

13.

Define an equivalence relation R on a set of positive integers I= {2,3,4,...20} by 'a R b' if largest primse divisor of 'a' is the larges prime divisor of 'b'. The number of equivalence classes of R is :

Ans .

Explanation : An equivalence relation is a binary relation that is at the same time a reflexive relation, a symmetric relation and a transitive relation. As a consequence of these properties an equivalence relation provides a partition of a set into equivalence classes.

14.

Which one of the following is false?

There is unique minimal DFA for every regular language

Every NFA can be converted to an equivalent PDA

Complement of every context-free language is recursive

Every non-deterministic PDA can be converted to an equivalent deterministic PDA

Ans .

Explanation : Deterministic PDA cannot handle languages or grammars with ambiguity, but NDPDA can handle languages with ambiguity and any context-free grammar. So every nondeterministic PDA can not be converted to an equivalent deterministic PDA.

15.

Which one of the following is true?

If a language is context-free, it can always be accepted by a deterministic push-down automaton

The union of two context-free languages is context-free

The intersection of two context-free languages is context-free

The complement of a context-free language is context-free

Ans .

Explanation : If L1 and If L2 are two context free languages, their union L1 ∪ L2 will also be context free. This is a standard property of Context free grammars.

16.

In Octal, the twelve-bit two's complement of the hexadecimal number 2AF₁₆

6251₈

5261₈

6512₈

6521₈

Ans .

Explanation :Given is the number 2AF in base 16 and you want to know the two’s complement of that number for a 12bit representation written out in base 8.Let’s start with converting 2AF base 16 to binary: 0010 1010 1111. This should be easy enough, as each digit of a base 16 number represents exactly 4 digit of a binary number and you can easily look that up on the internet.The next step to convert this to it’s two’s complement, is to invert every single bit of it: 1101 0101 0000. Should also be very easy (Just as a side note: This is called the one’s complement).Now comes the most complicated part: We need to add 1 to the result we’ve got so far: 1101 0101 0001. As there was no need to propagate any carry bit, this was actually easier than I expected.Now, that we have the final result in base 2, we need to convert that to base 8. Luckily enough, in base 8 each digit represents exactly 3 bits of the base 2 representation, so as a first step, we group the binary digits a little bit different (in 3s instead of 4s) and we get: 110 101 010 001. And finally we use the trick with the look up on the internet again - this time to convert our groups of 3 bits to octal digits: 6521.And so our final result is: 6521 in base 8.

17.

The truth table for (a v b) v (a ʌ c) is the same as the truth table for :

(a v b) ʌ (a v c)

(a v b) ʌ c

(a v b) ʌ (a ʌ c)

a v b

Ans .

Explanation : the truth table of (a v b) v (a ʌ c) is equal to a v b rest of option dont have same truth table.

18.

Which of the following property is true in the context of Well Formed Formulae (WFF) ? :

Each letter is a term

If x and y are terms then x = y is formulae

If P is a formulae then 7P is a formulae

All of the above

Ans .

B/A

Explanation :characteristic of well formed formulae

19.

A logic circuit which is used to change a BCD number into a decimal number :

Decoder

Encoder

Multiplexer

Demultiplexer

Ans .

Explanation :decoder is used to convert BCD number to decimal.

20.

Let a_n,a_n-1,...a₁,a₀ be the binary representation of a number b. Then b is divisible by 3 if:

number of 1's is divisible by 3

number of 0's is divisible by 3

number of 1's is divisible by 6

difference of alternate sum (a₀ + a₂ ...) - (a₁ + a₃ +..) is divisible by 3

Ans .

Explanation : No explanation

21.

Consider the C function given below :
int f(int j)
{
static int i =50;
int k;
if(i==j)
{
printf("something");
k=f(i);
return 0;
}
else return 0;
}
Which one of the following is true?

The function returns 0 for all values of j

The function prints the text something for all values of j

The function returns 0 when j = 50

The function will exhaust the runtime stack or run into a infinite loop when j=50

Ans .

Explanation :When j is 50, the function would call itself again and again as neither i nor j is changed inside the recursion.

22.

When does the void pointer in C gets de referenced :

When it doesn't point to a value

When it cast to another type of object

using delete keyword

None of the above mentioned

Ans .

Explanation : when we use casting of pointer to another type of object it goes to dereferencing.

23.

What is the meaning of the following declaration ?
int (*m[8])(); :

m is pointer to function

m is array of pointer to function

m is pointer to such function which return type is array

m is pointer to array of function

Ans .

Explanation :the given declaration m is array pointer to function as defined in question

24.

What is size of generic pointer in C language :

null

Ans .

Explanation : Size of any type of pointer is 2 byte.

25.

If new operator is used then the constructor function is:

Copy constructor

Default constructor

Static constructor

Dynamic constructor

Ans .

Explanation :static constructor does not allows to chnage operator only dynamic constructor gives allowance.

26.

What will be the result of statement : Select * from employee where salary in (4000,8000) :

All employees whose salary is either 4000 or 8000

All employees whose salary is between 4000 and 8000

All employees whose salary is not between 4000 and 8000

None of the above

Ans .

Explanation : in these query the salary is given in paranthesis which means as either one salary is selected and hence employees whith these 4000 or 8000 is displayed

27.

Consider the class schema as follows
class(course_id,dept_name,title,credits,sec_id,semester,year,building,room_number,capacity,time_slot_id)
Choose the correct decomposition of class schema each of which is BCNF :

course, class_room,dept

course,credits,room

course_id,room_number,building

class_room,room_capacity,building

Ans .

Explanation :the given relation is in BCNF is given as it follows X → Y is a trivial functional dependency (Y ⊆ X)
X is a superkey for schema R

28.

Rollback statement of SQL TCL :

Ends the transaction sucessfully

Aborts the database action sucessfully

Makes update permanent in the database

All of the above

Ans .

Explanation :Transaction control language command are used to manage transaction in database.These are used to manage the changes made by DML statements. It also allows statements to be grouped together into logical transactions.

29.

which of these expresses the number of entities to which another entity can be associated via a relationship set :

Mapping cardinality

Degree of relationship

Connectivity of relationship

Role

Ans .

Explanation : Mapping cardinality is also called as cardinality ratio.

30.

Consider R=(A,B,C,G,H,I) and the set F of functional dependencies, F= ( A-> B, A -> C, CG ->, CG -> I, B-> H). The correct members of closure of F are :

A->H, CG->HI, AG-> I

A->HI, CG ->A

AG -> BI

A -> B, B -> I

Ans .

Explanation : members of F are:
A H by transitivity from A B and B H
AG I by augmenting A C with G, to get AGCG and then transitivity with CG I
CGHI by augmenting CGI to infer CGCGI, and augmenting of CGH to infer CGIHI, and then transitivity

31.

Which of the following is not a kind of data warehouse application:

Information processing

Analytical processing

Data mining

Transactional processing

Ans .

Explanation : Transactional processing is an database application not an data warehouse application

32.

A binary search tree whose left sub tree and right sub tree differ in height by at most 1 unit is called:

AVL tree

Red-Black tree

Lemma tree

Unique tree

Ans .

Explanation : no explanation

33.

Two dimensional array is also called:

Matrix

Table

Both matrix and table

Conjugate array

Ans .

Explanation : A table and matrix are both two dimentional.

34.

A binary tree that has n leaf nodes, the number of nodes of degree 2 in this tree is :

log₂ n

n-1

2ⁿ

Ans .

Explanation : A binary tree is a tree data structure in which each node has at most two child nodes. The number of subtrees of a node is called the degree of the node. In a binary tree, all nodes have degree 0, 1, or 2. The degree of a tree is the maximum degree of a node in the tree. A binary tree is of degree 2.

35.

let g(x)= x³ + x + 1. If the information sequence represented in binary is 1001,then CRC(Cyclic redundancy Check) is :

1110

0110

0111

0011

Ans .

Explanation : no explanation

36.

Suppose the population of the world is 6 billion on an average. There are 1000 communicating devices per person, how many bits are required to assign a unicast host address to each communicating device:

43 bits

53 bits

40 bits

47 bits

Ans .

Explanation : log 2 (6 x 10⁹ x 10³ ) = 42.44 ⇒ 43 bits are required to assign a unique host address to each communicating device.

37.

Suppose a user has 2 browser applications active at the same time,and suppose that the 2 applications are accessing the same server to retrieve http documents at the same time. How does the server tell the difference between the 2 applications only:

Based on IP address of server

Based on client IP address

Based on client IP address and dynamic port address

Based on ephemeral port address

Ans .

C/D

Explanation : A client application generates an ephemeral port number for every TCP connection it sets up. An HTTP request connection is uniquely specified by the five parameters: (TCP, client IP address, ephemeral port #, server IP address, 80). The two applications in the above situations will have different ephemeral port #s and will thus be distinguishable to the server.

38.

Suppose that the TCP entity recieves a 1.5 megabyte file from the application layer and that the IP layer is willing to carry blocks of maximum size 1500 bytes. Calculate the amount of overhead incurred from segmenting the file into pocket size units:

2.0 %

2.8 %

2.1 %

3.0 %

Ans .

Explanation : Size of received file = 1.5 megabyte = 1.5 * 10^6 bytes.
Maximum packet size (payload) = 1500 bytes.
IP packet contains TCP segment header (20 bytes) and IP packet header (20 bytes).
Hence data size in a packet = 1500 –20 –20 = 1460 bytes
Therefore, to receive a file of 1.5 megabytes, we need 1.5∗10ˆ6/1460=1027.397 packets.
That means total 1028 packets.
Now, overhead incurred = ((no of packet*payload-file size)/file size)*100 = ((1028∗1500−(1.5∗10ˆ6))/(1.5∗10ˆ6))*100 = (42000/(1.5∗10ˆ6))*100 = 2.8%

39.

Suppose all laptops in a large city are to communicate using radio transmissions from a high antenna tower. Which layer is appropriate for communication :

Network layer

Data link layer

Transport layer

Application layer

Ans .

Explanation : The data link layer is concerned with the transfer of frames of information across a single hop . The network layer involves the transfer of information across a network using multiple hops per path in general. The connection from a radio antenna to the laptops is direct, and thus a data link layer protocol is more suitable for this situation .

40.

Consider the SLR(1) and LALR(1) parsing table for a context free grammar. Which of the following statements is true :

The goto part of both tables may be different

The shift entries are identical in both the tables

The reduce entries in the table maybe different

The error entries in the tables maybe different

Ans .

Explanation : The parse tables SLR(l) and LALR(l) contains same number entries but the reduce in the tables may be different. As there is changes in reduce entries error entries will different.

41.

In a two-pass assembler, the task of the Pass- II is to :

Seperate the symbol, mnemonic opcode and operand fields

Build the symbol table

Construct the intermediate code

Synthesize the target document

Ans .

Explanation :The second pass generates the values, translates the opcode and operands and synthesizes the document.

42.

The function of Syntax phase is :

To recognize the major constructs of the language and to call the appropriate action routine

To build a literal table

To build a uniform symbol table

To parse a source program into basic element or token of the language

Ans .

Explanation : The syntax phase processes the constructs and performs appropriate actions.

43.

In 8085 microprocessor, the most significant bit of the result following the execution and any arithmetic or boolean instruction is stored in :

Carry status flag

Auxiliary carry status flag

Sign status flag

Zero status flag

Ans .

Explanation : It is a rule to store the most significant bit of the result in the sign status flag. The first bit always signifies the sign of the result.

44.

A bottom up parser generates :

Rightmost derivation

Rightmost derivation in reverse

Leftmost derivation

Leftmost derivation in reverse

Ans .

Explanation : A bottom-up parsing builds a derivation by working from the input sentence to the start symbol S which generates rightmost derivation in reverse.

45.

Consider 3 CPU intensive processes,which requires,10,20 and 30 time units and arrive at 0,2,6 respectively.How many context switches are needed if the operating system implements a shortest remaining time first algorithm? Do not count the context switches at time 0 and at end :

Ans .

Explanation : Let three process be P0, P1 and P2 with arrival times 0, 2 and 6 respectively and CPU burst times 10, 20 and 30 respectively. At time 0, P0 is the only available process so it runs. At time 2, P1 arrives, but P0 has the shortest remaining time, so it continues. At time 6, P2 arrives, but P0 has the shortest remaining time, so it continues. At time 10, P1 is scheduled as it is the shortest remaining time process. At time 30, P2 is scheduled. Only two context switches are needed. P0 to P1 and P1 to P2.

46.

Critical section is a program segment :

Which should run in a certain specified amount of time

Which avoids deadlocks

Where shared resources are accessed

Which must be enclosed by a pair of semaphore operations P and V

Ans .

Explanation : Critical section is the part of the program where shared or common resources are pooled so that there is no inconsistency or deadlocks during access of resources

47.

Using a larger block size in a fixed block size file system leads to :

Better disk throughput but poorer disk space utilization

Better disk throughput and better disk space utilization

Poorer disk throughput but better disk space utilization

Poorer disk throughput and poorer disk space utilization

Ans .

Explanation : If block size is large then seek time is less (fewer blocks to seek) and disk performance is improved, but remember larger block size also causes waste of disk space.

48.

In a disk system with 32 bit virtual addresses and 1 kB page size, use of one level page table for virtual to physical address translation is not practical because :

The large amount of internal fragmentation

The large amount of external fragmentation

The large memory overhead in maintaining page tables

The large computation overhead in translation process

Ans .

Explanation : If block size is large then seek time is less (fewer blocks to seek) and disk performance is improved, but remember larger block size also causes waste of disk space. 48)32 bit virtual address results in large memory overhead in maintaining the page tables.

49.

As per the theory of Software engineering, the good software attributes are :

functionality and documentation

performance and customization

functionality and performance

performance and production

Ans .

Explanation : The basic need of a software product or a system is to provide good functionality and performance. Hence they are good software attributes.

50.

The best Software engineering techniques and methods are considered to be good that uses :

best development model

best SDLC model

best testing model

different techniques that are appropriate for different tpes of systems

Ans .

Explanation : Every software system has different requirements and features. Hence, the best software engineering depends on the type of product to be built.

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