India accounts for 17% of the World's Cattle population.. 64% of the buffalo population and 4% is rate of increase in milk. The per capita availability of milk is 281 gm/day. World average is 284 gm/day.
It started as a cooperative due to effort of Sardar Patel in Kheda. Dr. Vergese kurien led the cooperative during the white revolution from 1950-1973. Amul became the first to make cheese and baby products from buffalo milk.
It was founded in 1964 by Lal Bahadur Shastri with Vergese Kurien as its chairman and HQ at Anand. The NDDB launched Operation Flood to replicate Anand pattern in other parts of India. This made India the leading producer of milk in the world.
1. Increased milk production and increased rural incomes of small and marginal farmers.
2. Women empowerment as NDDB with SEWA established 6000 dairy cooperatives run by women.
3. NDDB developed indigenous expertise in field of animal nutrition, health, dairy engineering, food technology, artificial insemination.
To
meet
the needs of fodder and feed stock for animal nutrition. The
ministry of agriculture launched this in 2014-15.
Feed
security
bill:
1. Milk pricing policy and milk credit cards at minimum interest rates.
2. Gobar bank
3. Marketing for cow products.
4. Collection center for cow urine to enhance farmer income.
Veterinary issues:
1. Shortage of veterinary colleges and institutes.
2. Poor condition of semen banks
3. Need for universal vaccination for cattle.
Indigenous breeds are facing threat of extinction. Currently 83% of cow population in indigenous but this had declined by 8% since 2007. This is due to cross breeding, farm mechanization, cultivation of cash crops, decline of grazing areas.
The Indian
breeds are better as they are suitable for arid conditions,
drought related work, tolerant to diseases, can be fed
agricultural wastes and though milk yield is less but nutrition
quality is better.
1. Rashtriya Kamdhenu Breeding Centers
· Center for certified genetics and repository of germplasm.
·
One
each in north and south India.
2. Rashtriya Gokul mission
· Conserve Indian breeds in a scientific manner.
· Enhancing productivity of Indians breeds and upgrading germplasm.
1. Marine fishery of India is lagging as Indian ocean is least explored of all oceans for fishery. 75% of marine fishery comes from west coast. [Gujarat > Kerela > Maharashtra]
2. India's offshore fishery bad due to poverty among fishing community. Low use of technology and poor infrastructure for storage and packaging. In addition, monsoon and cyclones hinder fishing.
3. Inland fishery production is more than marine also growth rate is higher [WB > Gujarat > Kerela > Andhra > Maharashtra]. Reasons are large delta of Ganga and high demand, extensive lakes and lagoons or strong cooperative movement.
4. India is the second largest inland fish producer and seventh largest in terms of marine fish production. Overall India is the second largest fish producer.
The development
of a fish breeding development agency for brackish water was
created. The goal was to develop new techniques of fish
breeding, cultivation, export and marketing.
This led to
increase in shrimp production. Nellore, AP became shrimp
capital of the world.
Potential:
1. Breeding of high value fin fish or shell fisheries
2. Ornamental fishery
3.
Development
of organic aqua culture, water recirculating units, technology
for inland saline areas.
Modernization:
1. Mechanization
· Finance
· Information awareness
2. Trade
· H.A.C.C.P and codex norms to be followed.
· Packaging and cold storage infrastructure development
3. Quality control
· Hygiene at ports.
· Sustainable practices.
· Ban on fishing during breeding seasons, not using fine size nets.
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