Q. A. If caught in the act, they were punished, not for the crime, but for allowing themselves to be
caught by another lash of the whip.
B. The bellicose Spartans sacrificed all the finer things in life for military expertise.
C. Those fortunate enough to survive babyhood were taken away from their mothers at the age of
seven to undergo rigorous military training.
D. This consisted mainly of beatings and deprivations of all kinds like going around barefoot in
winter, and worse, starvation so that they would be forced to steal food to survive.
E. Male children were examined at birth by the city council and those deemed too weak to become
soldiers were left to die of exposure.
BECDA
ECADB
BCDAE
ECDAB
Ans . A
Q. A. This very insatiability of the photographing eye changes the terms of confinement in the cave,
our world.
B. Humankind lingers unregenerately in Plato’s cave, still revelling, its age-old habit, in mere images
of truth.
C. But being educated by photographs is not like being educated by older images drawn by hand;
for one thing, there are a great many more images around, claiming our attention.
D. The inventory started in 1839 and since then just about everything has been photographed, or so
it seems.
E. In teaching us a new visual code, photographs alter and enlarge our notions of what is worth
looking at and what we have a right to observe.
EABCD
BDEAC
BCDAE
ECDAB
Ans . C
Q. A. To be culturally literate is to possess the basic information needed to thrive in the modern world.
B. Nor is it confined to one social class; quite the contrary.
C. It is by no means confined to ‘culture’ narrowly understood as an acquaintance with the arts.
D. Cultural literacy constitutes the only sure avenue of opportunity for disadvantaged children, the
only reliable way of combating the social determinism that now condemns them.
E. The breadth of that information is great, extending over the major domains of human activity from
sports to science.
AECBD
DECBA
ACBED
DBCAE
Ans . A
Q. A. Both parties use capital and labour in the struggle to secure property rights.
B. The thief spends time and money in his attempt to steal (he buys wire cutters) and the legitimate
property owner expends resources to prevent the theft (he buys locks).
C. A social cost of theft is that both the thief and the potential victim use resources to gain or
maintain control over property.
D. These costs may escalate as a type of technological arms race unfolds.
E. A bank may purchase more and more complicated and sophisticated safes, forcing safecrackers
to invest further in safecracking equipment.
ABCDE
CABDE
ACBED
CBEDA
Ans . B
Q. A. The likelihood of an accident is determined by how carefully the motorist drives and how carefully
the pedestrian crosses the street.
B. An accident involving a motorist and a pedestrian is such a case.
C. Each must decide how much care to exercise without knowing how careful the other is.
D. The simplest strategic problem arises when two individuals interact with each other, and each
must decide what to do without knowing what the other is doing.
ABCD
ADCB
DBCA
DBAC
Ans . D
Sentences given in each question, when properly sequenced, form a coherent paragraph. The first and last sentences are 1 and 6, and the four in between are labelled A, B, C and D.
Q. 1. Security inks exploit the same principle that causes the vivid and constantly changing colours of
a film of oil on water.
A. When two rays of light meet each other after being reflected from these different surfaces, they
have each travelled slightly different distances.
B. The key is that the light is bouncing off two surfaces, that of the oil and that of the water layer
below it.
C. The distance the two rays travel determines which wavelengths, and hence colours, interfere
constructively and look bright.
D. Because light is an electromagnetic wave, the peaks and troughs of each ray then interfere
either constructively, to appear bright, or destructively, to appear dim.
6. Since the distance the rays travel changes with the angle as you look at the surface, different
colours look bright from different viewing angles.
ABCD
BADC
BDAC
DCAB
Ans . B
Q. 1. Commercially reared chicken can be unusually aggressive, and are often kept in darkened
sheds to prevent them pecking at each other.
A. The birds spent far more of their time — up to a third — pecking at the inanimate objects in the
pens, in contrast to birds in other pens which spent a lot of time attacking others.
B. In low light conditions, they behave less belligerently, but are more prone to ophthalmic disorders
and respiratory problems.
C. In an experiment, aggressive head-pecking was all but eliminated among birds in the enriched
environment.
D. Altering the birds’ environment, by adding bales of wood-shavings to their pens, can work wonders.
6. Bales could diminish aggressiveness and reduce injuries; they might even improve productivity,
since a happy chicken is a productive chicken.
DCAB
CDBA
DBAC
BDCA
Ans . D
Q. 1. The concept of a ‘nation-state’ assumes a complete correspondence between the boundaries of
the nation and the boundaries of those who live in a specific state.
A. Then there are members of national collectivities who live in other countries, making a mockery
of the concept.
B. There are always people living in particular states who are not considered to be (and often do not
consider themselves to be) members of the hegemonic nation.
C. Even worse, there are nations which never had a state or which are divided across several
states.
D. This, of course, has been subject to severe criticism and is virtually everywhere a fiction.
6. However, the fiction has been, and continues to be, at the basis of nationalist ideologies.
DBAC
ABCD
BACD
DACB
Ans . A
Q. 1. In the sciences, even questionable examples of research fraud are harshly punished.
A. But no such mechanism exists in the humanities — much of what humanities researchers call
research does not lead to results that are replicable by other scholars.
B. Given the importance of interpretation in historical and literary scholarship, humanities researchers
are in a position where they can explain away deliberate and even systematic distortion.
C. Mere suspicion is enough for funding to be cut off; publicity guarantees that careers can be
effectively ended.
D. Forgeries which take the form of pastiches in which the forger intersperses fake and real parts
can be defended as mere mistakes or aberrant misreading.
6. Scientists fudging data have no such defences.
BDCA
ABDC
CABD
CDBA
Ans . C
Q. 1. Horses and communism were, on the whole, a poor match.
A. Fine horses bespoke the nobility the party was supposed to despise.
B. Communist leaders, when they visited villages, preferred to see cows and pigs.
C. Although a working horse was just about tolerable, the communists were right to be wary.
D. Peasants from Poland to the Hungarian Pustza preferred their horses to party dogma.
6. “A farmer’s pride is his horse; his cow may be thin but his horse must be fat,” went a Slovak
saying.
ACDB
DBCA
ABCD
DCBA
Ans . C
Q.. India’s experience of industrialization is characteristic of the difficulties faced by a newly
independent developing country.
A. In 1947, India was undoubtedly an under – developed country with one of the lowest per capita
incomes in the world.
B. Indian industrialization was the result of a conscious deliberate policy of growth by an indigenous
political elite.
C. Today India ranks fifth in the international comity of nations if measured in terms of purchasing
power.
D. Even today however, the benefits of Indian industrialization since independence have not reached
the masses.
6. Industrialization in India has been a limited success; one more example of growth without
development.
Ans.d
Q.1. What does the state do in a country where tax is very low?
A. It tries to spy upon the taxpayers.
B. It investigates income sources and spending patterns.
C. Exactly what the tax authority tries to do now even if inconsistently.
D. It could also encourage people to denounce to the tax authorities any conspicuously prosperous
neighbours who may be suspected of not paying their taxes properly.
6. The ultimate solution would be an Orwellian System
Ans.c
Q.1. It is significant that one of the most common objections to competition is that it is blind.
A. This is important because in a system of free enterprise based on private property chances are
not equal and there is indeed a strong case for reducing the inequality of opportunity.
B. Rather it is a choice between a system where it is the will of few persons that decides who is to
get what and one where it depends at least partly, on the ability and the enterprise of the people
concerned.
C. Although competition and justice may have little else in common, it is as much a commendation
of competition as of justice that it is no respecter of persons.
D. The choice today is not between a system in which everybody will get what he deserves according
to some universal standard and one where individuals’ shares are determined by chance of
goodwill.
6. The fact that opportunities open to the poor in a competitive society are much more restricted
than those open to the rich, does not make it less true that in such a society the poor are more
free than a person commanding much greater material comfort in a different type of society.
Ans.a
Q.1. The fragile Yugoslav state has an uncertain future.
A. Thus, there will surely be chaos and uncertainty if the people fail to settle their differences.
B. Sharp ideological differences already exist in the country.
C. Ethnic, regional, linguistic and material disparities are profound.
D. The country will also lose the excellent reputation it enjoyed in the international arena.
6. At worst, it will once more become vulnerable to international conspiracy and intrigue.
Ans.a
Q.1. The New Economic Policy comprises the various policy measures and changes introduced
since July 1991.
A. There is a common thread running through all these measures.
B. The objective is simple to improve the efficiency of the system.
C. The regulator mechanism involving multitude of controls has fragmented the capacity and reduced
competition even in the private sector.
D. The thrust of the new policy is towards creating a more competitive environment as a means to
improving the productivity and efficiency of the economy.
6. This is to be achieved by removing the banners and restrictions on the entry and growth of firms.
Ans.b
Q.1. Commercial energy consumption shows an increasing trend and poses the major challenge for
the future.
A. The demand, for petroleum, during 1996 – 97 and 2006 – 07 is anticipated to be 81 million
tonnes and 125 million tonnes respectively.
Power Survey Committee Report, the electricity generation
requirements from utilities will be about 416 billion units by 1996 – 97 and 825 billion units by
2006 – 07.
B. According to the projections of the 14
th
C. The production of coal should reach 303 million tonnes by 1996 – 97 to achieve Plan targets and
460 million tonnes by 2006 – 07.
D. The demand for petroleum products has already outstripped indigenous production.
6. Electricity is going to play a major role in the development of infrastructural facilities.
Ans.a
Q.1. The necessity for regional integration in South Asia is underlined by the very history of the last
45 years since the liquidation of the British Empire in this part of the world.
A. After the partition of the Indian Subcontinent, Pakistan was formed in that very area which the
imperial powers had always marked out as the potential base for operations against the Russian
power in Central Asia.
B. Because of the disunity and ill-will among the South Asian neighbours, particular India and
Pakistan, great powers from outside the area could meddle into their affairs and thereby keep
neighbours apart.
C. It needs to be added that it was the bountiful supply of sophisticated arms that emboldened
Pakistan to go for warlike bellicosity towards India.
D. As a part of the cold war strategy of the US, Pakistan was sucked into Washington’s military
alliance spreading over the years.
6. Internally too, it was the massive induction of American arms into Pakistan which empowered
the military junta of that country to stuff out the civilian government and destroy democracy in
Pakistan.
Ans.b
Q.1. The success of any unit in a competitive environment depends on prudent management sources.
A. In this context it would have been more appropriate if the concept of accelerated depreciation,
together with additional incentives towards capital allowances for recouping a portion of the cost
of replacements out of the current generations, had been accepted.
B. Added to this are negligible retention of profits because of inadequate capital allowances and
artificial disallowance’s of genuine outflows.
C. One significant cause for poor generation of surpluses is the high cost of capital and its servicing
cost.
D. The lack of a mechanism in India tax laws for quick recovery of capital costs has not received its
due attention.
6. While this may apparently look costly from the point of view of the exchequer, the ultimate cost
of the Government and the community in the form of losses suffered through poor viability will be
prohibitive.
Ans.c
Q.1. Count Rumford is perhaps best known for his observations on the nature of heat.
A. He undertook several experiments in order to test the theories of the origin of frictional heat.
B. According to the calorists, the heat was produced by the “caloric” squeezed out of he chips in
the process of separating them from the larger pieces of metal.
C. Lavoisier had introduced the term “caloric” for the weightless substance heat, and had included
it among the chemical elements, along with carbon, nitrogen and oxygen.
D. In the munitions factory in Munich, Rumford noticed that a considerable degree of heat developed
in a brass gun while it was being bored.
6. Rumford could not believe that the big amount of heat generated could have come from the small
amount of dust created.
Ans.c
Q.1. Visual recognition involves storing and retrieving of memories.
A. Psychologists of the Gestalt School maintain that objects are recognised as a whole in a
procedure.
B. Neural activity, triggered by the eye, forms an image in the brain’s memory system that constitutes
an internal representation of the viewed object.
C. Controversy surrounds the question of whether recognition is a single one-step procedure or a
serial step-by-step one.
D. When an object is encountered again, it is matched with its internal recognition and thereby
recognised.
6. The internal representation is matched with the retinal image in a single operation.
Ans.d
Q.1. The idea of sea-floor spreading actually preceded the theory of plate tectonics.
A. The hypothesis was soon substantiated by the discovery that periodic reversals of the earth’s
magnetic field are recorded in the oceanic crust.
B. In its original version, it described the creation and destruction of ocean floor, but it did not
specify rigid lithospheric plates.
C. An explanation of this process devised by F.J. Vine and D.H. Mathews of Princeton is now
generally accepted.
D. The sea-floor spreading hypothesis was formulated chiefly by Harry H. Hess of Princeton University
in the early 1960’s.
6. As magma rises under the mid-ocean, ferromagnetic minerals in the magma become magnetised
in the direction of the geomagnetic field.
Ans.a
Q.1. The history of mammals dates back at least to Triassic time.
A. Miocene and Pliocene time was marked by culmination of several groups and continued approach
towards modern characters.
B. Development was retarded, however, until the sudden acceleration of evolutional change that
occurred in the oldest Paleocene.
C. In the Oligocene Epoch, there was further improvement, with appearance of some new lines and
extinction of others.
D. This led in Eocene time to increase in average size, larger mental capacity, and special adaptations
for different modes of life.
6. The peak of the career of mammals in variety and average large size was attained in this epoch.
Ans.a
Q.1. The death of cinema has been predicted annually.
A. It hasn’t happened.
B. It was said that the television would kill it off and indeed audiences plummeted reaching a low in
1984.
C. Film has enjoyed a renaissance, and audiences are now roughly double of what they were a
decade ago.
D. Then the home computer became the projected nemesis, followed by satellite television.
6. Why? Probably because, even in the most atomized of societies, we human beings feel the
need to share our fantasies and our excitement.
Ans.c
Q.A. In emission trading, the government fixes the total amount of pollution that is acceptable to
maintain a desired level of air quality.
B. Economists argue this approach makes air pollution control more cost – effective than the
current practice of fixing air pollution standards and expecting all companies to pollute below
these standards.
C. USA uses emission trading to control air pollution.
D. It then distributes emission permits to all companies in the region, which add up to the overall
acceptable level of emission.
Ans.c
Q.A. Realists believe that there is an objective reality “out there” independent of ourselves.
B. This reality exists solely by virtue of how the world is, and it is in principle discoverable by
application of the methods of science.
C. They believe in the possibility of determining whether or not a theory is indeed really true or
false.
D. I think it is fair to say that this is the position to which most working scientists subscribe.
Ans.a
Q.A. All levels of demand, whether individual, aggregate, local, national, or international are subject to
change.
B. At the same time, science and technology add new dimensions to products, their uses, and the
methods used to market them.
C. Aggregate demand fluctuates with changes in the level of business activity, GNP, and national
income.
D. The demands of individuals tend to vary with changing needs and rising income.
Ans.d
Q.A. There is a strong manufacturing base for a variety of products.
B. India has come a long way on the technology front.
C. But the technology adopted has been largely of foreign origin.
D. There are however areas such as atomic energy, space, agriculture, and defense where significant
strides have been made in evolving relevant technologies within the country.
Ans.c
Q.A. Secret persons shall strike with weapons, fire or poison.
B. Clans mutually supporting each other shall be made to strike at the weak points.
C. He shall destroy their caravans, herds, forests and troop reinforcements.
D. The conqueror shall cause enemy kingdom to be destroyed by neighboring kings, jungle tribes,
pretenders or unjustly treated princes.
Ans.a
Q.A. The individual companies vary in size, from the corner grocery to the industrial giant.
B. Policies and management methods within firms range from formal well-planned organization and
controls to slipshod day-to-day operations.
C. Various industries offer a wide array of products or services through millions of firms largely
independent of each other.
D. Variation in the form of ownership contributes to diversity in capital investment, volume of business,
and financial structure
Ans.b
Q.From the statements in questions choose the one that expresses the idea most correctly.
Ans.a
Q.From the statements in questions choose the one that expresses the idea most correctly.
Ans.a
Q.From the statements in questions choose the one that expresses the idea most correctly.
Ans.b
Q.From the statements in questions choose the one that expresses the idea most correctly.
Ans.b
Q.From the statements in questions choose the one that expresses the idea most correctly.
Ans.b
Q.From the statements in questions choose the one that expresses the idea most correctly.
Ans.a
Q.From the statements in questions choose the one that expresses the idea most correctly.
Ans.d
Q.From the statements in questions choose the one that expresses the idea most correctly.
Ans.b
Q.From the statements in questions choose the one that expresses the idea most correctly.
Ans.c
Q.From the statements in questions choose the one that expresses the idea most correctly.
Ans.d
Q.From the statements in questions choose the one that expresses the idea most correctly.
Ans.a
Q.Each sentence below has been broken up into four parts sequentially (a, b, c, d). Choose that part which contains a mistake.
Ans.c
Q.Each sentence below has been broken up into four parts sequentially (a, b, c, d). Choose that part which contains a mistake.
Ans.c
Q.Each sentence below has been broken up into four parts sequentially (a, b, c, d). Choose that part which contains a mistake.
Ans.c
Q.Each sentence below has been broken up into four parts sequentially (a, b, c, d). Choose that part which contains a mistake.
Ans.d
Q.Each sentence below has been broken up into four parts sequentially (a, b, c, d). Choose that part which contains a mistake.
Ans.b
Q.Each sentence below has been broken up into four parts sequentially (a, b, c, d). Choose that part which contains a mistake.
Ans.c
Q.Each sentence below has been broken up into four parts sequentially (a, b, c, d). Choose that part which contains a mistake.
Ans.d
Q.Each sentence below has been broken up into four parts sequentially (a, b, c, d). Choose that part which contains a mistake.
Ans.c
Q.Each sentence below has been broken up into four parts sequentially (a, b, c, d). Choose that part which contains a mistake.
Ans.a
Q.Each sentence below has been broken up into four parts sequentially (a, b, c, d). Choose that part which contains a mistake.
Ans.c
Q.Each sentence below has been broken up into four parts sequentially (a, b, c, d). Choose that part which contains a mistake.
Ans.c
Q.A. And that the pursuit of money by whatever design within the law is always benign.
B. And it holds broadly that the greater the amount of money, the greater the intelligence.
C. This is the institutional truth of Wall Street, this you will be required to believe.
D. The institutional truth of the financial world holds that association with money implies intelligence.
Ans.c
Q.A. Then think of by how much our advertising could increase the sales level.
B. Advertising effectiveness can be best grasped intuitively on a per capita basis.
C. Overall effectiveness is easily calculated by considering the number of buyers and the cost of
advertising.
D. Think of how much of our brand the average individual is buying now.
Ans.c
Q.A. The age of pragmatism is here, whether we like it or not.
B. The staple rhetoric that was for so long dished out also belongs to the bipolar world of yesterday.
C. The old equations, based on the cold war and on non-alignment no longer holds good.
D. But contrary to much of what is being said and written, it is a multipolar rather than unipolar
world that appears to be emerging out of recent events.
Ans.b
Q.A. Past research has uncovered the fact that cognitive age is inversely related to life satisfaction
among the elderly.
B. A person may feel young or old irrespective of chronological age.
C. That is, the ‘younger’ an elderly person feels, the more likely she or he is to be satisfied with life
in general.
D. Cognitive age is a psychological construct that refers to one’s subjective assessment of one’s
age.
Ans.b
Q.A. It was a fascinating tempting green, like the hue of the great green grasshopper.
B. Her teeth were very white and her voice had a cruel and at the same time a coaxing sound.
C. While she was uncorking the bottle I noticed how green her eyeballs were.
D. I saw, too, how small her hands were, which showed that she did not use them much.
Ans.c
Q.A. By intelligence we mean a style of life, a way of behaving in various situations, and particularly
in new, strange and perplexing situations.
B. When we talk about intelligence, we do not mean the ability to get a good score on a certain
kind of test, or even the ability to do well at school.
C. The true test of intelligence is not how to do, but how we behave when we don’t know what to do.
D. These are at best only indicators of something large, deeper and far more important.
Ans.a
Q.A. In formal speech, syllables are likely to be more deliberately sounded than in informal speech.
B. Yet dictionary editors have no choice but to deal with each word as an individual entity.
C. The pronunciation of words is influenced by the situation.
D. Further, the pronunciation of a word is affected by its position in the sentence and by the
meaning it carries.
Ans.d
Q.Particularly today, when so many difficult and complex problems face the human species, the development of broad
Ans.d
Q.In the European Community countries there has been talk of an energy tax to raise funds
Ans.d
Q.“Look before you leap” reflects an attitude expressed in such a saying as
Ans.a
Q.This is the ancient kingdom of Sumeria and you are its venerated ruler. The fate of Sumeria’ economy and of your royal subjects
Ans.c
Q.Furthermore, to be radical means to be ready and willing to break with the predominant cultural, political and social beliefs and values in order to
Ans.d
Q.Entrepreneurs are never satisfied with the status quo, they are intent on shaping the future, rather than being shaped by it. As one Chief Executive once said
Ans.b
Q.A. No attendants are qualified.
B. Some nurses are qualified.
C. Some nurses are not qualified.
D. All nurses are attendants.
E. All attendants are qualified.
F. Some attendants are qualified.
Ans.c
Q.A. Mary is John’s wife.
B. Mary and John danced together.
C. Mary wears John’s ring.
D. Husband and wives danced the last waltz.
E. John loves Mary.
F. John danced last with Mary
Ans.a
Q.A. All roses are fragrant.
B. All roses are majestic.
C. All roses are plants.
D. All plants need air.
E. All roses need air.
F. All plants need water.
Ans.c
Q.A. Laxman is a man.
B. Meera is Laxman’s wife.
C. Some women are islands.
D. No man is an island.
E. Meera is not an island.
F. Laxman is not a island.
Ans.c
Q.A. College students are intelligent.
B. Intelligence is a collegian’s attribute.
C. Ram’s sister is a college student.
D. Ram is a college student.
E. All intelligent persons go to college.
F. Ram is an intelligent person
Ans.a
Q.A. Smoking causes cancer.
B. All cigarettes are hazardous to health.
C. Smoking doesn’t cause cancer sometimes.
D. One brand of cigarettes is cham – cham.
E. Brand X causes cancer.
F. Cham – cham is bad for health.
Ans.b
Q.A. All good bridge players play good chess.
B. Many good chess players are not bridge players.
C. Goren is a good bridge player.
D. Goren plays chess well.
E. Spassky plays chess well.
F. Spassky plays bridge badly
Ans.d
Q.A. All snakes are reptiles.
B. All reptiles are not snakes.
C. All reptiles are cold blooded.
D. All snakes lay eggs.
E. All reptiles lay eggs.
F. Snakes are cold blooded.
Ans.d
Q.A. All leaves are green.
B. All leaves have chlorophyll.
C. Chlorophyll is green.
D. All plants have leaves.
E. All plants have chlorophyll.
F. Only leaves have chlorophyll.
Ans.a
Q.A. Some men are bald.
B. Bald people are intelligent.
C. Raman is a man.
D. Raman is bald.
E. Raman is intelligent.
F. All men are intelligent.
Ans.b
Q.A. No barbarian is gentleman.
B. Some gentlemen are barbarians.
C. Some gentlemen are rude.
D. No gentlemen are rude.
E. Some barbarians are not rude.
F. All barbarians are rude.
Ans.d
Q.A. Metal is good material for desks.
B. Desks are made of metal.
C. This object is not a desk.
D. This object is a desk.
E. This object is not made of metal.
F. This is made of metal.
Ans.d
Q.A. Mathew and Paul are brothers.
B. Siblings are known to quarrel often.
C. Mathew and Paul don’t quarrel.
D. All those who quarrel are siblings.
E. Paul and Mathew quarrel often.
F. Mathew and Paul cannot be siblings.
Ans.d
Q.A. Painting and music is art.
B. Art is symptom of culture.
C. Culture and art are complementary.
D. Music is a form of art.
E. Painting is a form of art.
F. Music shows culture.
Ans.a
Q.A. Different hues are obtained from primary color.
B. A rainbow consists of several hues.
C. Blue and red can give different hues.
D. Red is a primary color.
E. Blue can give different hues.
F. Red can give different hues.
Ans.c
Q.1. Amount of published information available varies widely by industry. A. Unfortunately for the researcher, many industries do not meet these criteria, and there may be little published information available. B. Generally, the problem the researcher will face in using published data for analysing an economically meaningful industry is that they are too broad or too arranged to fit the industry. C. However, it is always possible to gain some important information about an industry from published sources and these sources should be aggressively pursued. D. Larger the industry, the older it is, and the slower the rate of technological change, better is the available published information. 6. If a researcher starts a searching for data with this reality in mind, the uselessness of broad data will be better recognized and the tendency to give up will be avoided.
Ans.d
Q.1. The main source of power in industrial undertaking is electricity.
A. Electricity from water also requires enormous river valley projects involving huge expenditure.
B. In contrast, electricity from atomic power stations will result in a tremendous saving in expenditure.
C. Besides, the mineral resources of the world required for generation of electricity are being rapidly
depleted.
D. But the production of electricity needs huge quantities of coal.
6. The installation of atomic plants will help in meeting the shortage of these resources.
Ans.c
Q.1. Intensity of competition in an industry is neither a matter of coincidence nor bad luck.
A. The collective strength of these forces determines the ultimate profit potential in the industry
where profit potential is measured in terms of long run returns on invested capital.
B. Rather, competition in an industry is rooted in its underlying economic structure and goes well
beyond the behavior of current competitors.
C. Not all industries have the same potential.
D. The state of competition in an industry depends on five basic competitive forces.
6. They differ fundamentally in their ultimate profit potential as the collective strength of the forces
differ.
Ans.c
Q.1. The general enemy of mankind, as people have discovered, is not science, but war.
A. It is found that there is peace, science is constructive; when there is war science is perverted to
destructive ends.
B. Science merely reflects the social forces by which it is surrounded.
C. Until now, they have brought us to the doorstep of doom.
D. The weapon which science gives us do not necessarily create war, these make war increasingly
more terrible.
6. Our main problem, therefore, is not to curb science, but to stop war, to substitute law for force
and international governments for anarchy in the relations between nations
Ans.b
Q.1. It will be foolish to deny that the countryside has many attractions to offer.
A. One soon gets tired of the same old scenes and creatures day in and day out.
B. But there is another side of the picture.
C. The honesty and frankness of the country-folk, too, is a refreshing change from the dishonesty
and selfishness we find in so many urban people.
D. There is the lovely scenery, the interesting and varied wildlife, the long rambles through the
woods and fields and the clean, healthy air.
6. The loneliness and monotony in the countryside soon begin to make themselves felt and we
long for the familiar sidewalks and street corners of the town.
Ans.d
Q.1. A welfare state in the attainment of its objective must avoid coercion and violence.
A. But communism implies the loss of freedom of expression and action and introduces a
regimentation of life.
B. Communism implies the loss of freedom of expression and action and introduces a regimentation
of life.
C. There are all serious disadvantages which perhaps outweigh the economic gains.
D. Communism aims at the welfare state and perhaps the completest form of the welfare state in
most respects.
6. A true welfare state can develop only by following the path of peace and democracy.
Ans.d
Q.1. Human experience tends to show that the more we mix with a man, the more we come to dislike
him.
A. When the acquaintance with him ripens into intimacy, we are likely to become very keenly
aware of his defects and imperfections.
B. In the beginning, we may feel greatly attracted by someone because of certain qualities that we
find in him.
C. But on closer acquaintance we will begin to perceive his faults and shortcomings.
D. The truth is that nobody is free from faults and weaknesses.
6. But while a man makes a show of his strong points and his good qualities, he generally tries to
conceal or cover his faults and defects.
Ans.b
Q.A. It is turning off the tap. B. And with no consensus of the exit policy, the government is damned if it supports loss making units and damned if it doesn’t. C. The private sector did the same in the past because securing legal sanction for closure was virtually impossible. D. After years of funding the losses of public sector companies, the government is doing the unthinkable.
Ans.a
Q.A. Trade protocols were signed, the dollar as the medium of exchange was ignored, trade was denominated in rupees and the exchange rate between the two countries was to be fixed outside the ambit of free markets. B. A young India, some years after independence fashioning her foreign policy of nonalignment, found it prudent to stay close to the former Soviet Union. C. Once upon a time there was a super power named Soviet Union that attracted nations apprehensive of the global aspirations of the other superpower, the U.S.A. D. One way of doing this was to evolve a bilateral relations in trade that could be called upon provide a buffer against the arm-twisting by the U.S.A.
Ans.d
Q.A. I had heard that sort of thing before. B. He said that his generation was the first to believe that it had no future. C. A young American made earthling stopped by my house the other day to talk about some book of mine he had read. D. He was the son of a Boston man who had died an alcoholic vagrant.
Ans.a
Q.A. This is probably one of the reasons why the number of women and men remain roughly equal in most societies. B. Fortunately or unfortunately, individual couples cannot really be concerned about this overall ‘error’. C. Population growth then can be considered the error of this central process. D. Purely at the human level, it appears that most couples like to have at least one living daughter and one living son when they are in the middle ages
Ans.b
Q.A. Against this background, the current target of 12.8 percent does not seem that high a figure. B. A better vantage point to evaluate the 12.8 percent target for export growth is our performance in the ‘golden years’ between 1986 – 87 and 1990 – 91, during which time exports in dollar terms increased by 17.1 percent. C. In fact, the rate of growth would have to increase still further if we are to achieve the eighth plan target of export growth in value terms of 13.6 percent per annum. D. Even in 1990 – 91, the year of the Gulf War, exports went up by 9 percent.
Ans.a
Q.A. Their growing costs and a growing economy-must be reckoned with realistically. B. Central programmes persist and in some cases grow. C. As demand expands, programmes expand. D. It is extremely difficult to curtail them
Ans.b
Q.A. It was never denied and seemed to be integrated into the city life. B. The poverty was there right in the open in all the streets. C. But, somehow it did not depress me as much as I had feared. D. Indian society is associated with great poverty, and indeed I saw a lot of poverty in Bombay.
Ans.d
Q.A. This has been going on now for nearly 200 years. B. They haven’t even been noticed much by central, state, or local governments, no matter how insolent or blasphemous or treasonous those writers may be. C. But writers of novels, plays, short stories or poems have never been hurt or hampered much. D. Journalists and teachers are often bullied or fired in my country for saying this or that.
Ans.a
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