Benefits and outcomes: Full transition to the digital factory using ‘Industry 4.0’ across entire value chain from design to production will help enhance productivity hugely by providing insight into production process to take the decisions in real time basis, minimizing human errors by effective monitoring to ensure that resources are put to the best utilization measured by, what is called the Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE).

What is ‘Industry 4.0’? Commonly referred to as the fourth industrial revolution, it is a name given to the current trend of automation, interconnectivity and data exchange in manufacturing technologies to increase productivity.

Industry 4.0 is a complex Cyber-Physical Systems which synergizes production with digital technologies, the Internet of Things, Artificial Intelligence, Big Data & Analytics, Machine Learning and Cloud Computing.

Background: There are four distinct industrial revolutions that the world either has experienced or continues to experience today.

First Industrial Revolution: Happened between the late 1700s and early 1800s. During this period of time, manufacturing evolved from focusing on manual labor performed by people and aided by work animals to a more optimized form of labor performed by people through the use of water and steam-powered engines and other types of machine tools.

Second Industrial Revolution: In the early part of the 20th century, the world entered a second industrial revolution with the introduction of steel and use of electricity in factories. The introduction of electricity enabled manufacturers to increase efficiency and helped make factory machinery more mobile. It was during this phase that mass production concepts like the assembly line were introduced as a way to boost productivity.

Third Industrial Revolution: Starting in the late 1950s, it slowly began to emerge, as manufacturers began incorporating more electronic—and eventually computer—technology into their factories. During this period, manufacturers began experiencing a shift that put less emphasis on analog and mechanical technology and more on digital technology and automation software.

Industrial Revolution 4.0 can help in transforming India by: Alleviating poverty. Better and low-cost healthcare. Enhancing farmer’s income. Providing new technology and equipment to farmers. Strengthening infrastructure, improving connectivity. Improve ease of living and ease of doing business.

Key facts: The map is being developed under a joint project of the Department of Science and Technology (DST) under the Union Ministry of Science and Technology and Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC).

This research programme of DST is being implemented as part of the National Mission for Sustaining the Himalayan Ecosystem (NMSHE) and National Mission on Strategic Knowledge for Climate Change (NMSKCC). The atlas is expected to be ready by the middle of 2020.

Why such move? Climate risk is interplay of hazard, exposure and vulnerability. There is a rise in climate-sensitive livelihood of people. While the occurrence of natural hazards such as landslides, droughts and floods is projected to go up, their impact depends on the level of exposure such as presence of people and infrastructure in areas. Hence a common methodology for assessing vulnerability is critical for comparison and for planning adaptation strategies.

Addressing vulnerability can help reduce risk to climate change. It also helps in identifying what makes a state or district vulnerable to climate change. The vulnerability assessments will be useful for officials, decision makers, funding agencies and experts to have a common understanding on vulnerability and enable them to plan for adaptation.

Background: ECJ ruled in favour of the search engine giant Google, which was contesting a French regulatory authority’s order to have web addresses removed from its global database.

Significance of the ruling: The ruling comes as an important victory for Google, and lays down that the online privacy law cannot be used to regulate the internet in countries such as India, which are outside the European Union.

What is the ‘right to be forgotten’ under European law? It is provided by the EU’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), a law passed by the 28-member bloc in 2018. The right empowers individuals to ask organisations to delete their personal data.

“Personal data” means “any information relating to an identified or identifiable natural person (“data subject”)”, and “controller” means “the natural or legal person, public authority, agency or any other body which determines the purposes and means of the processing of personal data”.

It is a modified Kiev-class aircraft carrier. In service since 2013.

Originally built as Bakuand commissioned in 1987, the carrier served with the Soviet Navy and later with the Russian Navy (as Admiral Gorshkov) before being decommissioned in 1996.

Eligibility: Saraswati Samman is the annual award given to an outstanding literary work in any Indian language mentioned in Schedule VIII of the Constitution and published in 10 years preceding the specified award year.

Significance: It is the highest recognition in the field of Indian literature in the country and carries a citation, a plaque and award money of ₹15 lakh.

The award is presented by the KK Birla Foundation, a literary and cultural organisation that also gives the Vyas Samman for Hindi, and Bihari Puraskar for Hindi and Rajasthani writers of Rajasthan.

Context: Navy’s first new stealth frigate, INS ‘Nilgiri’. It is the first ship of Project17A.

Project 17A frigates is a design derivative of the Shivalik class stealth frigates with much more advanced stealth features and indigenous weapons and sensors.

These frigates are being built using integrated construction methodology. The P17A frigates incorporate new design concepts for improved survivability, sea keeping, stealth and ship manoeuvrability.

Context: Telangana government recently celebrated the eagerly awaited ‘Festival of Flowers’ (Bathukamma) for which the State is known.

The festival was traditionally celebrated by women across the state. Every year this festival is celebrated as per Telugu version of Hindu calendar in the Bhadrapada Amavasya, also known as Mahalaya Amavasya, usually in September–October of Gregorian calendar.

In Telugu, ‘Bathukamma’ means ‘Mother Goddess come Alive’. It is the state festival of Telangana.

At about 1.5 lakh people, the Galos are one of the 26 major communities of Arunachal Pradesh.

The Galos belong to the Tani group inhabiting Assam and Arunachal Pradesh, besides Tibet.

They trace their common origin to a primeval ancestor, Abotani.

They have a system of prefixing the second syllable of a father’s name to that of a son, who passes on the suffix in his name to his son. Hence they can trace the names of ancestors from the first syllable or prefix of our names.

Mopinis the main festival in Galos which is celebrated for the prosperity of the villages The Galos perform Popir dance.

The International Astronomical Union (IAU) has named an asteroid/minor planet, discovered in 2006, after Indian classical singer Pandit Jasraj. He is the first Indian to receive this honour.

About Pandit Jasraj: He is an exponent of Indian classical vocal music. He is the recipient of numerous awards, honours, and titles, including the prestigious Padma Vibhushan and the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award.