The Nomadic Tribes have been identified by the survey done by erstwhile National Commission for De-Notified and Nomadic and Semi-Nomadic Tribes. However, population of Nomadic tribes has not been maintained by the Government.
For all-round development of Nomadic tribes a Development and Welfare Board for De-notified, Nomadic and Semi-Nomadic Communities (DWBDNCs) has been constituted on 21.02.2019 for a period of three years extendable up to 5 years with following terms of reference:-
· To formulate and Implement Welfare and Development programme as required, for De-notified, Nomadic and Semi-Nomadic Communities.
· To identify the locations/areas where these communities are densely populated. · To assess and identify gaps in accessing existing programmes and entitlements and to collaborate with Ministries/Implementing agencies to ensure that ongoing programmes meet the special requirements of De-notified Nomadic and Semi-Nomadic Communities.
· To monitor and evaluate the progress of the schemes of Government of India and the States/UTs with reference to De-notified Nomadic and Semi-Nomadic Communities. · To redress the grievances of DNTs communities and fulfill their expectations.
In order to reduce hardships faced by the DNT Communities under the habitual offenders Act, the Cabinet on 15.02.2019 has approved the proposal of Department of Social Justice and Empowerment and accordingly, the matter of repealing/abolishment of Offenders Act was taken up with the Ministry of Home Affairs with the request to hold consultations with the concerned States/UTs where the habitual offenders Act is in the practices.
269 communities which are currently not classified under SC/ST/OBC/Other communities, Development and Welfare Board for De-notified, Nomadic and Semi-Nomadic Communities (DWBDNCs) have been working on classification of these communities. Further NITI Aayog has assigned the task of ethnographic survey of 62 tribes to the Anthropological Survey of India (AnSI) to conduct the studies of these communities in different parts of the country. For this purpose an amount of Rs. 2,26,32,500/- (Rupees two crore twenty six lakh thirty two thousand five hundred only) has been sanctioned.
In addition, the following schemes are being implemented by State Government/UT Administrations for the DNTs:- Pre-Matric Scholarship to DNT Students. Post-Matric Scholarship to DNT Students. iii) Nanaji Deshmukh Scheme of Construction of Hostels for DNT Boys and Girls.
This information was given by Minister of State for Social Justice and Empowerment Shri Krishan Pal Gurjar in a written reply in Rajya Sabha today.
The Government of India, Government of Himachal Pradesh and the World Bank today signed a US$80 million loan agreement to improve water management practices and increase agricultural productivity in selected Gram Panchayats (Village Councils) in Himachal Pradesh, a mountain state richly endowed with natural resources.
The Integrated Project for Source Sustainability and Climate Resilient Rain-Fed Agriculture in Himachal Pradesh will be implemented in 428 Gram Panchayats in 10 districts benefiting over 400,000 smallholder farmers, women and pastoral communities.
“As we encourage climate-smart agricultural practices in India, farmers will need both technical and financial support to adapt agricultural practices relevant to their geography and climate. As a mountainous state, Himachal Pradesh is particularly vulnerable to climate change and associated risks,” said Shri Sameer Kumar Khare, Additional Secretary, Department of Economic Affairs, Ministry of Finance, Government of India. “Sustainable water management practices under this project can play a big role in doubling farmers’ incomes, a goal set by the Government of India. It is, therefore, critical that the best use is made of all available technologies and resources to increase water-use efficiency,” he added.
The loan agreement was signed by Shri Sameer Kumar Khare, Additional Secretary, Department of Economic Affairs, on behalf of the Government of India andMrJunaid Kamal Ahmad, Country Director for India, the World Bank on behalf of the World Bank. Whereas, the project agreement was signed by Shri Ram Subhag Singh, Additional Chief Secretary (Forest), on behalf of the Government of Himachal Pradesh; and MrJunaid Ahmad, Country Director for India, the World Bankon behalf of the World Bank.
“Climate change is a global issue. But, addressing its impact requires building resilience at the local level,” said MrJunaid Ahmad, World Bank Country Director in India “Not surprisingly, Himachal Pradesh’s history of devolving greater responsibility to Gram Panchayats offers the state a great advantage. Through GPs, Himachal supports farmers and pastoral communities in securing their livelihoods in face of climate variability and challenging agro-ecological conditions,” he added
In Himachal Pradesh, many of the lowland areas lack access to irrigation water and depend on decreasing amounts of rainfall during the critical monsoon season. Agricultural production and snowlines have already shifted to higher altitudes, impacting the production of fruits, including HP’s iconic apples. Climate change is also expected to increase average temperatures and decrease rainfall in the lowlands, while both temperatures and rainfall are expected to increase in the highlands, which could lead to more extreme flooding events.
The project will improve upstream water sources in forests, pastures and grasslands and ensure sufficient water is available for sustainable agriculture both in Himachal Pradesh and in downstream states.
Enhancing the climate resilience of agriculture and its allied activities is a key component of the project for which efficient use of water is the focal point. The project will set up hydrological monitoring stations to monitor the water quality and quantity. This will not only help lay the foundation for future water budgeting through better land use and agricultural investments, but also ensure more holistic catchment area treatment (CAT) plans that are based on source sustainability, carbon sequestration, and water quality.
The investment in downstream areas will augment the use of irrigation and help farmers shift from low-value cereal production to climate-resilient crop varieties and to higher-value fruit and vegetable production. The focus on increasing climate resilience and water productivity will help farmers maximize their financial returns on water use. The project will also work in collaboration with other government programs particularly those of the agriculture, horticulture, and animal husbandry departments. Supporting institutions through training of gram panchayats will help the state better manage its water resources.
“We hope that climate adaptation and mitigation measures under the project will help the state plan land-based resource management in the upper catchments of targeted micro-watersheds in Himachal Pradesh and enhance agriculture and water productivity in the downstream areas,” said MrChristopher Paul Jackson, Senior Agriculture Economist and World Bank’s Task Team Leader for the project. “Ultimately, such an effort will help improve forest cover, increase water quality and quantity, reduce erosion, and enhance community participation, including that of women, youth, and disadvantaged groups.”
Such efforts are also expected to generate carbon benefits for the state. The net GHG benefit per hectare for the project area is estimated to be 0.6 tCO2/ha/year. The US$80 million loan from the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) has a final maturity of 14.5 years including a grace period of five years.
The film is based on Kunjali Marakkar IV, who earned his reputation with his fierce onslaught on Portuguese ships, the favours he gave those who fought against the Portuguese, and his efforts to strengthen the fort at Kottakkal.
Why was a petition filed against the film in the High Court? The petitioner argued that the the film’s version of events could mislead students and researchers.
However, the High Court declined to impose a stay and asked the film certification Board if it had handed over the complaint to the Centre. The Board conveyed that the subject deals with art and that it cannot interfere in the freedom of expression of the filmmakers.
What is the film about? It is a war film depicting the heroics of the Marakkar clan, whose leaders were naval chieftains of the Zamorin of Calicut during the 16th and 17th centuries.
The Zamorin, Samoothiri in Malayalam, was the title given to rulers of the Calicut kingdom on the Malabar coast. The Marakkars fought against Portuguese invaders for nearly a century.
Who were the Marakkars? By some accounts, they were of Arab origin and had migrated from Tunisia to Panthalayani near Koyilandy in present-day Kozhikode. They later moved to the region around present-day Kottakkal and Thikkodi near Payyoli.
By other accounts, the Marakkars were descendants of affluent businessman from the Cochin kingdom who migrated later to Calicut. The Marakkars were mostly Muslims, but in some parts, they have been found to be Hindus as well.
What was the war against the Portuguese about? Faced with invading Portuguese ships, the Zamorin reached out to the Marakkars to defend the coast. They were led in succession by four Marakkars, chief admirals who were appointed by the Zamorin with the title of Kunjali.
Their strategy was similar to guerrilla warfare. The Portuguese had massive ships which could not make easy manoeuvres in the sea. The Marakkars used small ships which could easily surround the Portuguese ships, enabling the fighters to attack at will.
Their role in developing modern naval fleet: In the span of 100 years, the exploits of the Marakkars are said to have improved the naval fleet of Calicut as well as other kingdoms, stretching from Saurashtra to Ceylon along the Indian coast. War technologies and ammunition greatly improved as well.
Key facts: Initiated in the year 1999. The awards are given away by the President of India every year on 8 March, International Women’s Day.
The Ministry of Women and Child Development announces these national level awards for eminent women, organisations and institutions. The Nari Shakti Puraskar carries a cash award of Rs.1 Lakh and a certificate for individuals and institutions.
Eligibility Criteria: Open to individuals, groups and institutions for outstanding work towards empowerment of women. Individual applicant must be at least 25 years of age. Institutions must have at least 5 years of relevant experience.
Institutional categories: Each of the six institutional categories is named after an eminent woman in Indian history. Devi Ahilya Bai Holkar Award for Best Private Sector organization/ Public sector undertaking in promoting the well-being and welfare of women, named after Ahilyabai Holkar, 18th-century ruler of the Malwa kingdom. Kannagi Devi Award for Best State which has appreciably improved Child Sex Ratio (CSR), named after Kannagi, the central character of the Tamil epic Silapathikaram.
Mata Jijabai Award for Best Urban Local body for providing services and facilities to women, named after Mata Jijabai, mother of Shivaji, who founded the Maratha Empire in the 17th century.
Rani Gaidinliu Zeliang Award for Best Civil Society organization (CSO) doing outstanding work for the welfare and well-being of women, named after Rani Gaidinliu, a 20th-century Naga spiritual and political leader Rani Lakshmi Bai Award for Best Institution for Research & Development in the field of women empowerment, named after Lakshmibai, one of the leading figures of the Indian Rebellion of 1857 and erstwhile queen of Jhansi.
Rani Rudramma Devi Awards for two District Panchayats and two Gram Panchayats, named after Rudrama Devi, a 13th-century ruler of Deccan Plateau.
International Women’s Day 2020: Theme: According to the United Nations Women, the theme for International Women’s Day 2020 is “Generation Equality: Realizing Women’s Rights”.
Historical background: Earlier, it was called National woman’s day and was acknowledged by the U.S. on February 28, 1909. This was done because of the labour movement which was started in 1908 where 15000 female employees went on strike in New York City to protest against poor working conditions.
National Women’s Day was recognised as International Women’s Day only in 1910 after German women’s rights activist Clara Zetkin suggested at an International Conference.
Why March 8? It was on this day that women in Soviet Russia gained the right the vote in 1917, hence March 8 was declared a national holiday for them. The United Nations General Assembly invited member states to proclaim March 8 as the UN Day for women’s rights and world peace in 1977.
About the index: This index measures how social beliefs obstruct gender equality in areas like politics, work, and education, and contains data from 75 countries, covering over 80 percent of the world’s population.
The index found new clues to the invisible barriers women face in achieving equality – potentially forging a path forward to breaking through the so-called “glass ceiling”.
Key findings: Despite decades of progress closing the equality gap between men and women, close to 90 percent of men and women hold some sort of bias against women. Almost half of those polled feel that men are superior political leaders. More than 40 per cent believe they make better business executives and are more entitled to jobs when the economy is lagging.
Moreover, 28 per cent think it is justified for a man to beat his wife. The analysis also highlighted a bias shift in some 30 countries, revealing that while some show improvements, attitudes in others appear to have worsened in recent years – signaling that progress cannot be taken for granted.
Why enormous “power gaps” continue between men and women in economies, political systems and corporations? Despite tangible progress in closing gender inequalities in developmental areas, such as education and health as well as in removing legal barriers to political and economic participation, there exist power gaps.
This is because while men and women vote at similar rates, only 24 percent of parliamentary seats worldwide are held by women and there are only 10 female heads of government out of 193 Member States. Furthermore, women are paid less than men working the same jobs and are much less likely to be in senior positions.
Way ahead: We have come a long way in recent decades to ensure that women have the same access to life’s basic needs as men. But, “gender gaps are still all too obvious in other areas, particularly those that challenge power relations and are most influential in actually achieving true equality”.
Therefore, world leaders to accelerate action to meet global targets on gender equality. Governments and institutions should utilize new policies to change these discriminatory beliefs and practices through education, and by raising awareness and changing incentives.
Facts for Prelims: 2020 marks the 25th anniversary of the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action (Beijing+25), the most visionary agenda on women’s empowerment to date. Few important women’s rights demonstrations: “#MeToo, #NiUnaMenos, #TimesUp. #UnVioladorEnTuCamino.
What’s the case? A petition was filed by the Indian Social Action Forum (INSAF) challenging certain provisions of the Foreign Contribution Regulation Act (FCRA), 2010 and the Foreign Contribution (Regulation) Rules of 2011.
The Central Government is conferred with unguided and uncanalised power under these Laws to brand organisations ‘political’ and shut down their access to foreign funds.
Various provisions in question: Section 5(1) of the FCRAwas challenged for being vague as it allowed the Centre to decide freely whether a seemingly non-political organisation was actually political in nature.
Section 5(4) of the FCRAwas questioned as it did not exactly identify the authority before which an organisation could represent its grievance. Various clauses of Rule 3 of the 2011 Ruleswere challenged. This provision identified the various types of ‘political’ activities for which/organisations whose foreign funding could be stopped by the government.
Observations made by the Supreme Court: An organisation, which supports the cause of a group of citizens agitating for their rights without a political goal or objective, cannot be penalised by being declared as an organisation of a political nature.
However, foreign funding could be stopped if an organisation took recourse to these forms of protest to score a political goal. Organisations with political objectives in their memorandum of association or bye-laws cannot be permitted access to foreign funds because of their clear political nature.
Implications and significance of the judgment: The Supreme Court agreeing with the observations made in the earlier judgment of the Delhi High Court has held that the provisions made under the FCR act and rules are “expansive” and not vague. It has thus dismissed the arguments of the provisions being unconstitutional.
The order makes it clear that administration is not influenced by foreign- funded political organisation. However, the Central government cannot classify an organization political for using legitimate forms of dissent like bandh, hartal, road roko or jail ‘bharo’ to aid a public cause. The court noted that such a classification would deprive the organization of its right to receive foreign funds.
He was charged under the Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA). He was also booked for cheating under the IPC, along with accepting illegal gratification and misconduct under the Prevention of Corruption Act.
Background: Mr. Kapoor is under the scanner for granting large loans to the crisis-hit Dewan Housing Finance Limited (DHFL), allegedly in exchange for kickbacks to the tune of ₹600 crore that were paid into accounts of his family members. It is argued that sub-standard properties were mortgaged by DHFL for the loans that it took.
About Enforcement Directorate: It is a Multi Disciplinary Organization mandated with the task of enforcing the provisions of two special fiscal laws – Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999 (FEMA) and Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002 (PMLA).
Historical background: The origin of this Directorate goes back to 1st May, 1956, when an ‘Enforcement Unit’ was formed, in Department of Economic Affairs, for handling Exchange Control Laws violations under Foreign Exchange Regulation Act, 1947 (FERA ’47).
In the year 1957, this Unit was renamed as ‘Enforcement Directorate’. The administrative control of the Directorate was transferred from Department of Economic Affairs to Department of Revenue in 1960. For a short period of 04 years (1973 – 1977), the Directorate also remained under the administrative jurisdiction of Department of Personnel & Administrative Reforms.
Powers: The Directorate enforces two laws; FEMA, a Civil Law having quasi judicial powers, for investigating suspected contraventions of the Exchange Control Laws and Regulations with the powers to impose penalties on those adjudged guilty.
PMLA, a Criminal Law, whereby the Officers are empowered to conduct enquiries to locate, provisionally attach/confiscate assets derived from acts of Schedules Offences besides arresting and prosecuting the Money Launderers.
Composition: Besides directly recruiting personnel, the Directorate also draws officers from different Investigating Agencies, viz., Customs & Central Excise, Income Tax, Police, etc. on deputation.
Other functions: Processing cases of fugitive/s from India under Fugitive Economic Offenders Act, 2018. Sponsor cases of preventive detention under Conservation of Foreign Exchange and Prevention of Smuggling Activities Act, 1974(COFEPOSA) in regard to contraventions of FEMA.
Special courts: For the trial of an offence punishable under section 4 of PMLA, the Central Government (in consultation with the Chief Justice of the High Court), designates one or more Sessions Court as Special Court(s). The court is also called “PMLA Court”.
Any appeal against any order passed by PMLA court can directly be filed in the High Court for that jurisdiction.
What is the state of government schools?- Findings by the panel: Almost half the government schools in the country do not have electricity or playgrounds.
The budgetary allocations saw a 27% cut from proposals made by the School Education Department. Despite proposals for ₹82,570 crore, only ₹59,845 crore was allocated.
There is slow progress in building classrooms, labs and libraries to strengthen government higher secondary schools.
Overall, for the core Samagra Shiksha Scheme, the department had only spent 71% of revised estimates by December 31, 2019. India is also dealing with a scenario of significant teacher vacancies, which are to the tune of almost 60-70 per cent in some states.
Need of the hour- key recommendations: Core schemes should get additional funds at the revised estimates stage. HRD Ministry should collaborate with the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme to construct boundary walls. It should also work with the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy to provide solar and other energy sources so that schools have access to power.
Why reforms are necessary? The learning crisis is evident in the fact that almost half of the children in grade 5 in rural India cannot solve a simple two-digit subtraction problem, while 67 per cent of children in grade 8 in public schools score less than 50 per cent in competency-based assessments in mathematics.
The Delhi Model of Education: For too long, there have been two kinds of education models in the country: one for the classes and another for the masses. The AAP government in Delhi sought to bridge this gap. Its approach stems from the belief that quality education is a necessity, not a luxury. Hence, it built a model which essentially has five major components and is supported by nearly 25% of the State Budget.
Key components of the model: Transformation of school infrastructure. Training of teachers and principals. Engaging with the community by reconstituting school management committees (SMC). Curricular reforms in teaching learning. No fee increase in private schools.
About the Disease: KFD is caused by the Kyasanur Forest Disease Virus (KFDV). The virus was identified in 1957 when it was isolated from a sick monkey from the Kyasanur Forest. Since then, between 400-500 humans cases per year have been reported.
Hard ticks (Hemaphysalis spinigera) are the reservoir of the KFD virus and once infected, remain so for life. Rodents, shrews, and monkeys are common hostsfor KFDV after being bitten by an infected tick. KFDV can cause epizootics with high fatality in primates.
Transmission: Transmission to humans may occur after a tick bite or contact with an infected animal, most importantly a sick or recently dead monkey. The disease as of now is stated to be transmitted through monkeys. Large animals such as goats, cows, and sheep may become infected with KFD but play a limited role in the transmission of the disease.
These animalsprovide the blood meals for ticks and it is possible for infected animals with viremia to infect other ticks, but transmission of KFDV to humans from these larger animals is extremely rare. Furthermore, there is no evidence of disease transmission via the unpasteurised milk of any of these animals.
Symptoms: After an incubation period of 3-8 days, the symptoms of KFD begin suddenly with chills, fever, and headache. Severe muscle pain with vomiting, gastrointestinal symptoms and bleeding problems may occur 3-4 days after initial symptom onset. Patients may experience abnormally low blood pressure, and low platelet, red blood cell, and white blood cell counts.
After 1-2 weeks of symptoms, some patients recover without complication. However, the illness is biphasic for a subset of patients (10-20 %) who experience a second wave of symptoms at the beginning of the third week. These symptoms include fever and signs of neurological manifestations, such as severe headache, mental disturbances, tremors, and vision deficits.
Vulnerable Group: People with recreational or occupational exposure to rural or outdoor settings (e.g., hunters, herders, forest workers, farmers) are potentially at risk for infection by contact with infected ticks. Seasonality is another important risk factor as more cases are reported during the dry season, from November through June.
Diagnosis: Diagnosis can be made in the early stage of illness by molecular detection by PCR or virus isolation from blood. Later, serologic testing using enzyme-linked immunosorbent serologic assay (ELISA) can be performed.
Prevention: Doctors say there is no specific treatment for KFD, but early hospitalisation and supportive therapy is important. Supportive therapy includes the maintenance of hydration and the usual precautions for patients with bleeding disorders.
A vaccine does exist for KFD and is used in endemic areas of India. Additional preventative measures include insect repellents and wearing protective clothing in areas where ticks are endemic.
It has warned to-be parents against falling prey to the emotional marketing tactics by stem cell banking companies.
What’s the issue? Over the past decade, stem cell banking has been aggressively marketed even as its use is still in experimental stages. But these companies charge enormous fees from parents to preserve cells.
The concern here is that it is merely by emotional marketing that companies convince parents to bank the cells for several years promising future therapeutic use.
Private companies who have forayed into this field offer packages anywhere between ₹50,000 and ₹1 lakh to store and preserve the cells in right conditions. So far there is no scientific basis for preservation of cord blood for future self use and this practice therefore raises ethical and social concerns.
Regulation in India: The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) does not recommend commercial stem cell banking.
What is Cord Blood? Cord blood (short for umbilical cord blood) is the blood that remains in the umbilical cord and placenta post-delivery. It contains special cells called hematopoietic stem cells that can be used to treat some types of diseases.
What is Cord blood banking? Cord blood banking is the process of collecting the cord blood and extracting and cryogenically freezing its stem cells and other cells of the immune system for potential future medical use.
Globally, cord blood banking is recommended as a source of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for haematological cancers and disorders where its use is recommended. For all other conditions, the use of cord blood as a source of stem cells is not yet established.
What Can It Be Used For? The umbilical cord fluid is loaded with stem cells. They can treat cancer, blood diseases like anemia, and some immune system disorders, which disrupt your body’s ability to defend itself.
The fluid is easy to collect and has 10 times more stem cells than those collected from bone marrow. Stem cells from cord blood rarely carry any infectious diseases and are half as likely to be rejected as adult stem cells.
Context: The India-U.S. Military Cooperation Group (MCG) dialogue, scheduled for later this month, has been cancelled in view of the COVID-9 outbreak.
What is MCG? The MCG is a forum to review the progress of defence cooperation between India’s Integrated Defence Staff and the the U.S. Indo-Pacific Command (USINDOPACOM) at the strategic and operational levels.
The Integrated Defence Staff was responsible for coordination among the armed forces before the appointment of the Chief of Defence Staff.
IUCN status- endangered. State animal of Sikkim.
It is the only living member of the genus Ailurus. Habitats in India: Sikkim, Meghalaya, West Bengal and Arunachal Pradesh. About 5,000-6,000 red pandas are estimated to be present in these four Indian states. This is the second-largest population after China (6,000-7,000). Nepal accounts for 580 animals, while Bhutan and Mynamar have no estimate of the animal’s population.
Protection: CITES — Appendix I. Protected areas: Kanchendzonga National Park (NP) — Sikkim Neora Valley NP – West Bengal Namdapha National Park – Arunachal Pradesh Singalila National Park – West Bengal
Why in News? A new study recently conducted by wildlife trade monitoring network TRAFFIC found that Red Pandas are falling to traps laid for other animals, such as the musk deer and wild pigs.
It is a new variety of paddy resistant to blast disease and rich in nutrients. It was developed by the University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences (UAHS), Shivamogga, as part of its initiative to prevent decline in the area under paddy cultivation.
It is a campaign started by 14 teenage girls from Odisha’s Berhampur to empower young girls living in slums of the city.
The campaign includes making adolescents and the community aware about menstrual hygiene, right age for marriage, motivating school and college drop-outs to restart studies, promoting gender equality, skill development and formation of adolescent groups.
As part of the campaign, ‘teen clubs’ are being established in the targeted slums. These clubs will have girls and boys as members. The activists will be coordinating with Asha volunteers and Anganwadi workers.
Context: NITI Aayog organizes the Fourth Edition of the Women Transforming India Awards.
WTI Awards are NITI Aayog’s initiative to highlight the commendable and ground-breaking endeavours of India’s women leaders and changemakers. Since 2018, the Awards have been hosted under the aegis of NITI Aayog’s Women Entrepreneurship Platform with a special focus on entrepreneurship.
What is Women Entrepreneurship Platform? Launched in 8th March 2018, it is the first of its kind facilitation platform which is mandated to work in collaboration with public as well as private sector organizations and bring them on a single platform by listing their women focused entrepreneurship schemes, initiatives and programmes on WEP website.
It also enables sharing of best practices amongst women entrepreneurs and partner organizations and promote evidence based policy making.
Women in Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics and Medicine (WISTEMM)”program is implemented by the Department of Science and Technology(DST).
Aim: To provide opportunities to Indian Women Scientists, Engineers & Technologists to undertake international collaborative research in premier institutions in U.S.A, to enhance their research capacities and capabilities.
The programme is run for two categories of women scientists: Women Overseas Student Internship (Module I) for women students pursuing PhD, and Women Overseas Fellowship (Module II) for women with PhD degree and holding regular positionat any recognized institution/laboratory in India.
Eligibility: The fellowship is for bright Indian women Citizen within the age bracket of 21 to 45 years.