Ans .
c
It is a anti caste movement led by Jyothiba Phule in
Maharashtra
Why the question Came:
Socio religious movements of modern Indian history always
appear in preliminary exam and this time UPSC moved out of
Brahmo Samaj and Arya Samaj. Check our Infographics
section for all important movements relevant for exam.
Espoused a mission of education and increased social rights and political access for underprivileged groups, focused especially on women, Shudras, and Dalits, in Maharashtra.
Ans .
a
Pure Factual Question.
Why the question Came:
Std history question
Sources:
NCERT, India’s Struggle for Independence, Bipin Chandra.
Ans .
b
Calcutta Unitarian Committee was establiished by Raja Ram
Mohan Roy
Why the question Came:
Factual history question, focusing on personalities.
Occasionally comes in UPSC.
Sources:
Std Textbooks
Ans .
d
Govt of India act 1919 is known as montegue-chelmsford
reforms which aimed at constitutional reforms
Why the question Came:
Conventional history question. UPSC always checks
candidates knowledge on evolution of constitution
Sources:
NCERT and Std Textbooks
Ans .
b
The Surat Split was a turning point in the history of
Nationalist Movement in India. The main reason for the split
in the Indian National Congress at Surat was the lack of faith
which Extremists had in the capacity of the moderates to
negotiate with the British Government.
Why the question Came:
Factual Questions on Modern Indian History are expected.
Also anything related to communalism, political divides and
extremism from history can be potential candidates for
questions in today’s charged global and national political
environment. That is just how UPSC operates!
Sources:
NCERT – History
Ans .
d
The main idea of the Cripps proposal was that India should be
given Dominion Status.
Why the question Came:
Factual Questions on Modern Indian History are expected.
Sources:
NCERT – History
Medieval History
Ans .
c
In Sanskrit the word Araghatta has been used in the ancient
texts to describe the Persian Wheel. The ‘ara-ghatta’ comes
from the combination of the words ‘ara’ meaning spoke and
‘ghatta’ meaning pot.There is evidence to argue that this
system of lifting water from open wells was probably
invented in the India of the past. With its use also in Iran, the
then Persia, and perhaps its discovery there, it came to be
called the Persian wheel.
Why the question Came:
Conventional History question. Focus on Ancient History!
Sources:
NCERT – History
Ans .
d
Banjaras played a role in Alaudin khilji ‘ s market reforms.
They brought food grains from villages to towns. They were
Traders. NCERT mentions Banjaras as who specialized in
Caravan Trading. They are special nomadic traders who
travel along with bullocks with them. Banjaras are also
known for their textile embroidery. The Banjara embroidery
and tattooing are especially prized and also form a significant
aspect of the Banjara identity.
Why the question Came:
Again, focus on medieval history, society and culture
Sources:
NCERT, NIOS
The Banjara are traditionally traders with specializations in agriculture and cattle-rearing as they considered to be in the Vaishya category of the Hindu varna system.
Ans .
d
Maagadha is supposed to be a courtier with these roles to
perform. “The memorizing of chronicles, dynastic histories,
or epic tales was the work of a different group of people, the
sutas and magadhas.” – Romilla Thapar (Ancient Indian
Social History)
Why the question Came:
Conventional History question. Focus on Medieval History!
Sources:
NCERT – History + Ancient Indian Social History – Romilla
Thapar
Ans .
b
Taniyur, is a large village under Chola administrative division
and Eripatti, is name of a place in Tamilnadu. Ghatikas and
Mathas were colleges/schools attached to temples.
Why the question Came:
Conventional history question. Medieval History focus here.
Sources:
NCERT – direct.
Ans .
c
In Sanskrit the word Araghatta has been used in the ancient
texts to describe the Persian Wheel. The ‘ara-ghatta’ comes
from the combination of the words ‘ara’ meaning spoke and
‘ghatta’ meaning pot.There is evidence to argue that this
system of lifting water from open wells was probably
invented in the India of the past. With its use also in Iran, the
then Persia, and perhaps its discovery there, it came to be
called the Persian wheel.
Why the question Came:
Conventional History question. Focus on Ancient History!
Sources:
NCERT – History
Ans .
b
In Mahayana Buddhism, bodhisattva is the Sanskrit term for
anyone who, motivated by great compassion. Shepherd-like
bodhisattva – one who aspires to delay buddhahood until all
other sentient beings achieve buddhahood.
Why the question Came:
UPSC consistently focuses on Buddhism and its teachings in
the Ancient India section. One question is must!
Sources:
NCERTs
Ans .
b
Ajanta is known for Buddhist art and Mahabalipuram known
for Hindu architecture. They both belonged to diffrent period.
Why the question Came:
Art and culture related to Ancient India – again! Related to
Buddhism also.
Sources:
NCERT and Std Textbooks
Ans .
c
Gaya is located in the Magadh Region. Shirdi is not in
Vidarbha and Malwa doesnt extend to Nasik.
Why the question Came:
Factual Questions on Ancient Indian History and cultural
landmarks are expected.
Sources:
NCERT – History
Ans .
c
Vijayanagara kingdom had a very modern and fully
functional taxation system
Why the question Came:
Question from medieval India. Probably since taxation
systems was discussed so much in Economic Survey and by
Piketty, UPSC had the bright idea of talking about Medieval
tax system!
Sources:
NCERT – History and Textbooks
Ans .
b
Kalidasa’s Malavikagnimitram is based on some events of the
reign of Pushyamitra Shunga. The play tells the story of the
love of Agnimitra, the Shunga Emperor at Vidisha
Why the question Came:
Question with Ancient Indian history and Cultural focus!
Sources:
NCERT
The play tells the story of the love of Agnimitra, the Sunga Emperor at Vidisha,
for the beautiful lun-maiden of his chief queen. He falls in love with the picture of an exiled servant girl named Mālavikā.
He must resort to the help of his jester and play a game of subterfuge merely to look at the new girl.
When the queen discovers her husband's passion for this girl, she becomes infuriated and has Mālavikā imprisoned,
but as fate would have it, in the end she is discovered to be of royal birth and is accepted as one of his queens.
Ans .
c
Siddas condemned idolatory and lingayats followed the
teachings of basavanna questioning rebirth theory
Why the question Came:
Again surprising importance given to Medieval indian
cultural and social scene. Also link to caste structure in this
question
Sources:
NCERT and Palaksha (History of Karnataka)
Ans .
d
The rock-cut edicts of Ashoka in north-central India, dated to
250–232 BCE and the script was deciphered in 1837 by
James Prinsep
Why the question Came:
In ancient history, Buddhism and Ashokan era are common
UPSC areas. Pure Factual
Inscriptions on the pillars at Delhi and Allahabad, facsimiles of which were published in the volumes of the Asiatic Society’s proceedings, during the time of Sir William Jones, and the deciphering of which had baffled accomplished scholars, yielded, at last, to James Prinsep’s ingenuity and perseverance and led to a proper understanding of the chronology of historical sites and events.
Ans .
b
A Panchayat reconstituted after premature dissolution (i.e.,
before the expiry of the full period of five years) shall
continue only for the remainder of the period.
Why the question Came:
Questions regarding Local Government repeatedly occur in
the Prelims Paper. This is a crucial chapter in the study of
Indian Polity. Economic Survey also talks about need to focus
on Panchayats in the wake of the Finance Commission.
Every Panchayat shall continue for five years from the date of its first meeting. But it can be dissolved earlier in accordance with the procedure prescribed by State Law. Elections must take place before the expiry of the above period. In case it is dissolved earlier, then the elections must take place within six months of its dissolution.
Ans .
d
“There are five conditions under which parliament can make
laws on state list.
1) If rajya sabha approves a resolution with special majority
and declares that a subject is of national interest.
2) During times of national Emergency(under Article 250)
3) If two or more states request parliament to make law for an
item in state list.
4) For implementation of international treaties .eg Micro
irrigation, treaty on agriculture.
During president’s rule.”
Why the question Came:
Questions regarding Indian Parliament repeatedly occur in the
Prelims Paper. This is a crucial chapter in the study of Indian
Polity. Also equations between Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha
and the federal nature in relation to state list and central list
have been recently very important. India’s federal nature and
discussions on it can easily warrant a question like this.
Sources:
Any Std Text book and NCERT
Ans .
b
Prorogation of a session does not affect the bills or any other
business pending before the House. Statement 2 is correct.
Why the question Came:
Questions regarding Indian Parliament repeatedly occur in the
Prelims Paper. This is a crucial chapter in the study of Indian
Polity. Equations between Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha
became very important with the GST bill and other
developments.
Sources:
Std Textbooks
After the dissolution of Lok Sabha all Bills except the Bills introduced in the Rajya Sabha and pending therein, lapse.
Ans .
a
Prime minister chairs NGRBA-official website of NGRBA
Why the question Came:
Was in the news as in the october 2015, NGT directed central
government not to issue the funds for ganga cleanup without
approval and recently it was in the news as the central
government set up a de-siltation plan. Ganga cleanup was
also politically contentious – UPSC asks a neutral question
about administrative details – that is typical!
The government has set up a committee to prepare guidelines for desilting the Ganga river from Bhimgauda in Uttarakhand to Farakka in West Bengal, officials said on Friday.
The committee has been asked to submit its detailed report within three months, said the officials in the Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation Ministry.
Ans .
d
Not appointed by the governor but by the CM. Chief secretary
has no fixed tenure.
All transactions of business under the constitutional scheme
takes place in the name of Governor and President of india.
Under the constitutional scheme governor appoints the CM,
advocate general and members and chairman of state psc. The
decision to appoint the chief secretary is a power exercised by
the CM but only executed in the name of the governor.
Why the question Came:
Direct Polity question. In news wrt Delhi. It is also an issue in
Indian polity that the chief Secretary’s post is becoming
political.
Sources:
Std Textbooks
Ans .
b
The Gram Nyayalayas have both civil and criminal
jurisdiction. Social Workers at the village level having the
integrity and necessary qualifications can be appointed as
mediators.
Why the question Came:
Acts related to local governance are usually important.
Ans .
d
All 3 are tributaries of Brahmaputra. All are major tributaries
of brahmaputra along with Subansiri.
Why the question Came:
Assam etc being news hotspots could be the reason. River
based questions are common in UPSC.
See our infographic
on major rivers to remember easily:
Major Rivers of India:
Map
Sources:
Atlas
The Brahmaputra enters India in the state of Arunachal Pradesh, where it is called Siang. It makes a very rapid descent from its original height in Tibet and finally appears in the plains, where it is called Dihang. It flows for about 35 km (22 mi) and is joined by the Dibang River and the Lohit River at the head of the Assam Valley.
In Assam, the river is mighty, even in the dry season, and during the rains, its banks are more than 8 km (5.0 mi) apart. As the river follows its braided 700 km (430 mi) course through the valley, it receives several rapidly rushing Himalayan streams, including the Subansiri, Kameng, Bhareli, Dhansiri, Manas, Champamati, Saralbhanga, and Sankosh Rivers. The main tributaries from the hills and from the plateau to the south are the Burhi Dihing, the Disang, the Dikhu, and the Kopili.
Ans .
c
Drip irrigation help control weed (due to localized application
of water near the root of the plant) and soil erosion (due to
slow but sustained release of water).
Advantages and Disadvantages of Drip Irrigation:
Advantages of Drip Irrigation:
1. Maximum use of available water.
2. No water being available to weeds.
3. Maximum crop yield.
4. High efficiency in the use of fertilizers.
5. Less weed growth and restricts population of potential
hosts.
6. Low labour and relatively low operation cost.
7. No soil erosion.
8. Improved infiltration in soil of low intake.
9. Ready adjustment to sophisticated automatic control.
10. No runoff of fertilizers into ground water.
11. Less evaporation losses of water as compared to surface
irrigation.
12. Improves seed germination.
13. Decreased to tillage operations.
Disadvantages of Drip Irrigation:
In spite of the fact that drip irrigation has so many potential
benefits , they’re a certain limitation also, there are as follow:
1. Sensitivity to clogging
2. Moisture distribution problem
3. Salinity hazards
4. High cost compared to furrow.
5. High skill is required for design, install and operation.
Why the question Came:
Pradhan Mantri Sinchai Yojana was recently launched to
encourage drip irrigation. Also El-Nino and the drought
brought water conservation into greater focus. Economic
Survey also highlighted he scheme a lot. We had emphasized
the importance of this in our Current Affairs Webinars. Go
through our notes for details.
Sources:
Economic Survey 2016-17 & NCERT-Geography
Ans .
b
The Pattiseema project lifts flood water from the river
Godavari and pumps it into the Polavaram right canal that
empties into the river Krishna in Vijayawada.
Why the question Came:
In sept-2015 formal linking up of the two rivers was taken up
by Andhra Pradesh. This has been discussed along with
lectures on irrigation and transportation.
Ans .
a
Kharai camels found in the Kutch region are very unique.
They can can swim through deep sea waters and it feeds on
mangroves and other saline plants. The breeders have
meticulously followed the traditional grazing pattern in the
coastal districts. They do not provide special housing or
shelter to the camels.
Given the breed’s ability to survive both on land and sea, the
Kharai camel is one of the most preferred choices of graziers
in the arid coastal region of Kachchh. People consume its
milk, while male calves are sold for economic returns
(females are not sold because they are considered sacred). A
male calf fetches anywhere between Rs.6,000 and Rs.14,000,
says Ramesh Bhatti of Sahjeevan, an NGO working on
livelihood issues of graziers in Kachchh. It can be
domesticated also – so its not wild.
Why the question Came:
A recent survey by Sahjeevan Trust had identified rising
threat to the rare Kharai camel species due to
industrialization, salinity ingress and reduction in mangrove
cover in coastal Kutch. Biodiversity based question – expect a
few bouncers like these from UPSC!
Sources:
DOWN TO EARTH (An important source for Env)
Rare Kharai camel species, found in Kutch district, is under
threat due to the onslaught of industrialisation, post-
2001 earthquake
Ans .
a
Scientists at the Botanical Survey of India (BSI) have
discovered a new species of banana from a remote tropical
rain forest on the Little Andaman islands. The species, Musa
indandamanensis, was located about 16 km inside the Krishna
Nalah forest in the island.
The scientists who have made the discovery describe it as a distinct global species with unique green flowers and fruit bunch lux (axis)
thrice the size of a regular banana species.
Why the question Came:
Recently discovered in 2015. The new species is very rare
and requires conservation efforts. Again, biodiversity related.
Ans .
d
REDD+ is a collabarative program by FAO and UNDP. The
overall development goal of the Programme is “to reduce
forest emissions and enhance carbon stocks in forests while
contributing to national sustainable development”
The UN-REDD Programme supports nationally led REDD+ processes and promotes the informed and meaningful involvement of all stakeholders,
including indigenous peoples and other forest-dependent communities, in national and international REDD+ implementation.
The Programme has expanded steadily since its establishment and now has over 60 official Partner Countries spanning Africa,
Asia-Pacific and Latin America-Caribbean.
Why the question Came:
Redd and Redd+ are from current affairs section directly, and
were very frequently in news. Std part of all env material.
Ans .
d
“The Blue Mormon is a large, swallowtail butterfly found
primarily in Sri Lanka and India, mainly restricted to the
Western Ghats of Maharashtra, South India and coastal belts.
Maharashtra has become the first State in the country to have
a ‘State butterfly.’”
It may occasionally be spotted in the Maharashtrian mainland between Vidarbha and Western Maharashtra.
It is reportedly the second largest butterfly found in India, just smaller than the southern birdwing.
Why the question Came:
Was in news in June 2015. Also associated with the constant
news about Western Ghats’ biodiversity.
Ans .
a
Standards and tools for companies and organizations to
manage their GHG emissions and become more efficient, resilient, and prosperous.
Air pollution is the world’s number one environmental health risk, linked to more than 7 million deaths every year.
But the impacts of worsening air pollution extend beyond human health, affecting climate change, the water cycle, and even energy and food production.
The sources and causes of air pollution are complex, varying between places, across seasons and over time.
Why the question Came:
Due to Paris Summit and Rio – things linked to climate
change is very prominent for UPSC
This was in news during the 38th meeting of the Open Ended
Working Group of Parties to the Montreal Protocol which had
met to workout the process of moving away from high Global
Warming Potential HFCs reducing global warming. India had
raised certain issues during the meeting.
Ans .
a
Red sanders is a tree of south India, and found in deciduous
forest of India.
Pterocarpus santalinus was listed as an Endangered species by the IUCN, because of overexploitation for its timber in South India;
however, it was later reclassified to Near Threatened in 2018, as the scale of this loss is not properly known.
It is also listed in the appendix II of the CITES, which means that a certificate is required in order to export it,
that should only be granted if the trade is not detrimental to the survival of the species.
Why the question Came:
It is conventional type question on biodiversity + current
affairs regular UPSC style. Red Sanders smuggling near
Tirupati and encounter related to that were headlines
Ans .
a
It is a voluntary plan of UN on sustainable development. It is
a product of earth summit 1992
It is an action agenda for the UN, other multilateral organizations
and individual governments around the world that can be executed at local, national, and global levels.
The "21" in Agenda 21 refers to the 21st century. It has been affirmed and had a few modifications at subsequent UN conferences.
Its aim is achieving global sustainable development. One major objective of the Agenda 21 initiative is that every local government should draw its own
local Agenda 21.
Why the question Came:
Current affairs related topic. Sustainable development is key
mantra in all environment related conventions. Again, a link
to earlier voluntary/enforced plans.
Ans .
d
Environmentalists, who were engaged in a long-drawn struggle to keep human interference
in the Western Ghats at a bare minimum, have received a shot in the arm.
The United Nations had intimated the Central government in 2011 that the Western Ghats were highly eco-sensitive and there were 39 spots
that deserved to be labelled world heritage sites.
Direct and Factual
Why the question Came:
A Central government order on 5 September, 2015, had asked
the six states that share the Western Ghats to ban all
‘destructive’ activities. This was as suggestion of the Gadgil
Committee. Also, the report along with Rangarajan
Committee Report gained much more importance due to the
recent Kerala elections. UPSC loves the Western Ghats
Ans .
b
Only statement 2 is correct. The agreement will enter into
force when joined by at least 55 countries which together
represent at least 55 percent of global greenhouse emissions.
$1000 billion financial committment is false.
Why the question Came:
The Paris Climate Change Conference was held in November
2015. This was a major issue in the news. India had taken a
very active part. Also Rio olympics to Rio Summit
connection might have been through of by some bright mind
inside UPSC!
Watch video: IAS Preparation – Current
Affairs: Paris Climate Summit 2015
Sources:
The Hindu & Major Newspapers
Ans .
b
At the United Nations Sustainable Development Summit on
25 September 2015, world leaders adopted the 2030 Agenda
for Sustainable Development, which includes a set of 17
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to end poverty, fight
inequality and injustice, and tackle climate change by 2030.
The history of the SDGs can be traced to 1972 when
governments met under the auspices of the United Nations
Human and Environment Conference. The ‘Club of Rome’ is
a global think tank that deals with a range of international
political issues.
Why the question Came:
The United Nations Sustainable Development Summit was
held on 25 September 2015. This was an important
development in the field of current affairs. There were many
infographics on this in major newspapers. Also Rio olympics
to Rio Summit connection might have been through of by
some bright mind inside UPSC!
Sources:
UNDP & The Hindu
Ans .
a
International solar alliance includes an alliance of 121
countries located between tropic of cancer and tropic of
capricorn.
Why the question Came:
The issue of International Solar Alliance has been in the news
for sometime now. The International Solar Alliance was
unveiled at the Paris climate summit.
Watch our video: IAS Preparation – Current Affairs: Paris
Climate Summit 2015
Sources:
The Hindu & all major newspapers gave it major coverage
Ans .
b
Most developed countries have a colour-coded Air Quality Index that helps citizens
look up the air quality at a monitoring station near them, and decide what precautions to take based on it – keep the kids home from school,
or put off that run, for example. India’s AQI announced on Monday is based on recommendations by the Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur.
Air quality index takes into account Particulate matter-10 and
2.5, nitrogen dioxide,sulphur dioxide,carbon
monoxide,ozone,Ammonia and Lead.
National Ambient Air Quality by Ministry of Environment
categorises air pollution into 6 categories by considering 8
pollutants
These pollutants are
PM 10
PM2.5
NO2
SO2
CO
O3
NH3
and PB
Methane CH4 is not in list
These 8 pollutants are referred for measuring Air Quality
Index in India
Why the question Came:
Air Quality Index has been in the news for sometime now.
The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change
(MoEFCC), and other ministries have issued various releases
on this topic.
The Delhi air pollution issue, the Odd-even rule etc also
added a lot of masala and drama – finally this question comes
in UPSC!
Air Pollution: Is the Odd-Even Rule a solution?
Sources:
The Hindu
Ans .
b
2015 was a historic year in which 196 Parties came together under the Paris Agreement to transform
their development trajectories so that they set the world on a course towards sustainable development,
aiming at limiting warming to 1.5 to 2 degrees C above pre-industrial levels.
Through the Paris Agreement, Parties also agreed to a long-term goal for adaptation – to increase the ability to adapt to the adverse
impacts of climate change and foster climate resilience and low greenhouse gas emissions development,
in a manner that does not threaten food production. Additionally, they agreed to work towards making finance flows consistent
with a pathway towards low greenhouse gas emissions and climate-resilient development.
UNFCCC deals with climate change and indivisual countries
will decide the amount of contribution they will make.INDCs
are the post 2020 climate action commitments by parties and
form the foundation of the Paris Agreement
Why the question Came:
COP 21 was held in Paris from November 30 to December
12, 2015. Negotiations resulted in the adoption of the Paris
Agreement on 12 December. Economic Survey dedicated an
entire chapter to discussing India’s INDCs! Question was
expected as we discussed in our Economic Survey Webinar
lectures. Go through the notes for more details.
Sources:
The Economic Survey 2016-17, UNFCCC
Ans .
c
United nations program for overcoming desertification under
the convention UNCCD.Africa has major focus under this.
Why the question Came:
With a third of the country facing the threat of desertification
india needs to focus on combatting desertification. One of the
major issues effecting indian agriculture today.
Sources:
UN, Agriculture related News.
Ans .
d
Threat to the great indian hornbills due to deforestation Great
hornbills are found in the forests of Nepal, India, Mainland
Southeast Asia and Indonesian Island of Sumatra. The
distribution of the species is fragmented over its range in
South and Southeast Asia. In South Asia they are found in a
few forest areas in the Western Ghats and in the forests along
the Himalayas.
Great Hornbills are found in three separate areas in South
Asia; in the Western Ghats, the Himalayan foothills in
Uttaranchal to south Nepal and Bhutan, and north-east India.
They also occur in Myanmar, islands in the Mergui
archipelago, southern China, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia,
Thailand, peninsular Malaysia and in Sumatra, Indonesia.
They occur in primary evergreen and moist deciduous forest,
mainly in lowland forest, but they can be found up to 2,000
meters in some areas. In north-east India, they are generally
not recorded above 1000 m. They are also seen in selectively
logged forests and plantations close to larger forests.
Great Hornbill In India
Why the question Came:
It was in the news for two reasons once in Hindu as many
conservationists raised concern regarding reduction in the
numbers due to deforestation and second time recently in
news again as a part of discussion on a kerala hydel project
Ans .
b
The overall goal of the partnership is to identify and
safeguard Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems
and their associated landscapes, agricultural biodiversity and
knowledge systems through catalyzing and establishing a
long-term programme to support such systems and enhance
global, national and local bene fits derived through their
“dynamic conservation”, sustainable management and
enhanced viability.
Why the question Came:
On 22-23 February 2016, the first meeting of the GIAHS
Scientific Advisory Group (SAG) was held at FAO.
Sources:
Official Govt and Scheme Websites
Ans .
c
Annex-1 countries, Certified emission reductions are also part
of Kyoto protocol and not Cartagena and Nagoya protocols.
Why the question Came:
Again lined to the Climate Summit! INDC linked. Paris
summit moved to a new system of emission reduction targets
– self-determined in nature… Hence a throw-back question to
previous methods!
Sources:
The Hindu, UNFCC
Ans .
c
The National Mission for Green India (GIM) is one of the
eight Missions outlined under the National Action Plan on
Climate Change (NAPCC). It aims at protecting; restoring
and enhancing India’s diminishing forest cover and
responding to climate change by a combination of adaptation
and mitigation measures. It envisages a holistic view of
greening and focuses on multiple ecosystem services,
especially, biodiversity, water, biomass, preserving
mangroves, wetlands, critical habitats etc. along with carbon
sequestration as a co-benefit. This mission has adopted an
integrated cross-sectoral approach as it will be implemented
on both public as well as private lands with a key role of the
local communities in planning, decision making,
implementation and monitoring.
Why the question Came:
It was in news in May 2015 and october 2015. Multiple env
issues bring all env related schemes into UPSC
limelight! National Action Plan on Climate Change was also
covered in both Economic Survey and IYB!
National Mission for a Green India (GIM) falling under the
Environment Ministry has approved annual plans for Kerala,
Mizoram, Manipur and Jhakhand.
Sources:
Economic Survey, IYB, Govt Ministry Websites
Ans .
c
The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity (TEEB) is a
global initiative focused on “making nature’s values visible”.
Its principal objective is to mainstream the values of
biodiversity and ecosystem services into decision-making at
all levels. It aims to achieve this goal by following a
structured approach to valuation that helps decision-makers
recognize the wide range of benefits provided by ecosystems
and biodiversity, demonstrate their values in economic terms
and, where appropriate, capture those values in decision-making.
The Government has launched The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity TEEB-India Initiative (TII) to highlight the economic consequences
of the loss of biological diversity and the associated decline in ecosystem services. The Initiative focussed on three ecosystems, namely forests,
inland wetlands and coastal and marine ecosystems. TII has been implemented under the Indo-German Biodiversity Programme as technical cooperation with GIZ.
The outcome of the pilot projects will be fed into the sectoral synthesis for the three ecosystems.
Why the question Came:
Env is always hot these days for UPSC. Beware Initiatives,
schemes, indexes, etc can come.
Current Affairs – July 2015 (“Environment Ministry
Launches Teeb-India Initiative to Highlight Economic
Consequences of the Loss of Biological Diversity” – PIB)
Sources:
PIB
Ans .
d
ITER will be built mostly through in-kind contributions by the seven partners, meaning they will build
their share of ITER components through an appropriately formed Domestic Agency (DA) and industries and deliver them to ITER for final assembly of the device.
India will be contributing, like other partners except the host EU, about 10% of the ITER construction cost (EU pays about 40% coz the
ITER is being built in France and rest of the six members including India contribute 10% each).
ITER is R&D on Nuclear fusion, which is safer,cleaner and
inexhaustible source of energy.These are of prime
consideration for India.
Why the question Came:
The scientific innovations in the last one year such as god
particle, India’s decision to set up telescope etc have been in
the news. Nuclear too has been in focus a lot lately.
Sources:
The Hindu & Other Newspapers
Ans .
b
Transcriptome is the set of all messenger rna(mRNA)
molecules expressed by an organism
Why the question Came:
Was in news in Feb-2016. A new way of mapping
transcriptome was devised. Also linked to various viral
diseases etc.
Exp: The sum total of all the messenger RNA molecules
expressed from the genes of an organism.
Ans .
d
Spraying urea with neem oil slows the release of nitrogen, by
about 10 to 15 per cent, concomitantly reducing consumption
of the fertiliser. According to recent research, the “sustained
release” nature of neem-coated urea has seen rice yields jump
9.6 per cent and wheat by 6.9 per cent.
Why the question Came:
Directly from Economic Survey opening para in chapter on
Fertilizers! Recently government has promised to double the
farmers income and the access to subsidised fertilisers has
been one of the biggest problems , last year the government
has also announced the new urea policy. Please note that
Prime Minister Narendra Modi included a mention of this
policy in his Independence Day address.
Sources:
The Economic Survey 2016-17, The Hindu
Ans .
c
The 50-metre twin-hulled warship is also the first to be built at a private yard with armament fixtures.
The unique design of the ship was a collaborative effort of Naval Science and Technological Laboratory, IIT Kharagpur and Shoft Shipyard.
The catamaran hull configuration significantly reduces its power requirement.
INS Astradharani is Indian Navy’s first totally indigenously designed
and built torpedo launch and recovery vessel.
Why the question Came:
INS Astradharani was commissioned recently in 2015. At
least one defence based question on Missiles/Aircrafts/ships
is expected. Be alert for such news.
Sources:
The Hindu, IYB
Ans .
a
Greased Lightning or GL-10 is a battery-powered plane that
has 10 engines and can take off like a helicopter and fly
efficiently like an aircraft. This is a concept being developed
by NASA.
Why the question Came:
Its a futuristic drone/plane that runs on clean energy with
applications ranging from small package delivery to long endurance surveillance for agriculture mapping to even
carrying few passengers. Tech related to Agri -potential
UPSC target!
Ans .
c
The Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM), is also called
Mangalyaan. India is the only country to be successful in
making its spacecraft orbit Mars in its very first attempt. India
is the first Asian country and ISRO is the fourth space agency
to send a satellite to the Red Planet.
Why the question Came:
MOM was launched 2013 and has been in the news for a
while now. The Mission had sent back pics which were in
news too.
Sources:
The Hindu, India Year Book
Ans .
d
Viruses are can infect all living organisms plants animals and micro-organisms
The origins of viruses in the evolutionary history of life are unclear: some may have evolved from plasmids—pieces of DNA that can move between cells—while
others may have evolved from bacteria. In evolution, viruses are an important means of horizontal gene transfer, which increases genetic diversity.
Viruses are considered by some to be a life form, because they carry genetic material, reproduce, and evolve through natural selection
but lack key characteristics (such as cell structure) that are generally considered necessary to count as life.
Because they possess some but not all such qualities, viruses have been described as "organisms at the edge of life" and as replicators.
Why the question Came:
From general science section. Micro organisms and their
application in biotechnology are familiar topics in preliminary exam. Virus related news has been a lot.
Ans .
a
The movie is based on the life of the pioneer Indian
mathematician, S. Ramanujan.
Why the question Came:
This movie was released in 2016 and became famous. There
is a separate line in the syllabus on GS titled, “famous
personalities”
Sources:
CA Persons in News
Ans .
c
List of additives,Nutritional info and vegetarian and non
vegetarian info is clearly mentioned in the bill with a subheading.
However, the fourth option is not available verbatim
in the bill.
Why the question Came:
Was big time in news over the Maggi noodles issues. We had
discussed in lectures that this is precisely how the questions
from Maggi controversy would come.
Sources:
Govt Ministry Websites
Ans .
d
USA,Japan,Russia and Europe have already launched a
similar satellite.It weighs 1650 KG. The satellite can perform simultaneous multi-wavelength observations of various astronomical objects.
The sun and star sensors, besides the gyroscopes, would provide orientation reference to the satellite, which has a mission life of five years.
Why the question Came:
The launch of Astrosat was in the news as apart from first
such satellite being launched by India, for the first time we
have also launched satellite for USA. India Year Book study
is essential for such information.
Sources:
The Hindu, India Year Book
Ans .
c
No explanation
Ans .
d
The scheme was launched by the Hon’ble Minister of Power
in May 2006 and is currently invoked for
equipments/appliances Room Air Conditioner, Ceiling Fan,
Colour Television, Computer, Direct Cool Refrigerator,
Distribution Transformer, Domestic Gas Stove, Frost Free Refrigerator, General Purpose Industrial Motor, Monoset
Pump, Openwell Submersible Pump Set, Stationary Type
Water Heater, Submersible Pump Set, Tfl, Ballast, Solid State
Inverter, Office Automation Products, Diesel Engine Driven
Monosetpumps For Agricultural Purposes, Diesel Generator
Set, Led Lamps, Inverter AC.
According to the plan, more than 20 million pumpsets will be replaced with energy efficient ones in the country to achieve energy savings of
46 billion Kilo watt Hour (KWH). The initiative will lead to an annual reduction in emission of greenhouse gases by 45 million tons of CO2.
Why the question Came:
The central government has decided to distribute energy
efficient fans and also distribute energy efficient pumpsets –
energy efficiency has been a lot in the news and in Govt
websites
Ans .
c
Light-Fidelity is a new technology that uses light waves,
instead of radio frequency waves, as a medium to carry data.
An improvised LED bulb functions as a router. It can achieve
about 1,000 times data density of Wi-Fi, since light can be
contained in an area.
An ordinary off-the-shelf LED bulb connected to a device, which in turn is connected to the Internet.
The Internet data flows in via the device into the bulb, and is carried by light waves.
At the other end, light waves carrying the Internet data falls on a receiver or a dongle which is connected to the computer.
Why the question Came:
This concept featured on The Hindu paper. Also, connectivity
related tech is very relevant for India today!
Ans .
b
Project Loon is a research and development project being
developed by X (formerly Google X) with the mission of
providing Internet access to rural and remote areas. The
project uses high-altitude balloons placed in the stratosphere
at an altitude of about 18 km (11 mi) to create an aerial
wireless network with up to 4G-LTE speeds.
The balloons are maneuvered by adjusting their altitude in the stratosphere to float to a wind layer after
identifying the wind layer with the desired speed and direction using wind data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).
Users of the service connect to the balloon network using a special Internet antenna attached to their building.
The signal travels through the balloon network from balloon to balloon, then to a ground-based station connected to an Internet service provider (ISP),
then onto the global Internet.
Why the question Came:
Was debated in the parliament and in March 2016 the project
was launched in Brazil. Important for communication and
future of India. Also linked to the Free basics and Net
Neutrality debate! This is how UPSC asks a question on the
much debated topic!
Ans .
b
Bitcoins are not tracked by the central banks.
Why the question Came:
Fairly discussed news item from last few months.
International fad almost.
Sources:
The Hindu
Ans .
c
Digital Locker is one of the key initiatives under the Digital
India Programme. It provides Anytime, anywhere access to the documents by the resident. Digital Locker is aimed at minimizing the usage of physical documents and enable sharing of e-documents across agencies.
With the help of this Portal, the sharing of the e-documents will be done through registered repositories thereby ensuring the authenticity of the documents
online. Residents can also upload their own electronic documents and digitally sign them using the e-sign facility.
These digitally signed documents can be shared with Government organizations or other entities.
Why the question Came:
Digital Locker Scheme has been in the news for sometime
now. Press Information Bureau has also released information
on this scheme. Economic survey also highlighted it and the
details were explained during our Current Affairs Webinars.
Go through the notes for more details.
Sources:
The Economic Survey 2016-17 & The Hindu
Ans .
a
The members of the Gulf Cooperation Council are Bahrain,
Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab
Emirates. Iran is not a member.
Why the question Came:
Prime Minister Modi visited Saudi Arabia in April 2016 and
Qatar in June. Him visiting two of the Gulf Cooperation
Council countries put GCC in news. Also, the oil prices keep
these countries in the news.
Sources:
The Hindu
Ans .
d
It is an international NGO which works on humanitarian
principles. In 2015, over 30,000 personnel — mostly local doctors, nurses and other medical professionals,
logistical experts, water and sanitation engineers and administrators — provided medical aid in over 70 countries.
Why the question Came:
It was from current affairs section. it is appearing in regularly
related various outbreaks and humanitarian missions.
Ans .
b
New Development Bank was established by BRICS with
capital at Shanghai
Why the question Came:
International focus again. BRICS, AIID, ADB etc got a lot of
popularity. UPSC asks something slightly peripheral. APEC
also discussed in Economic Survey – so that link too.
Sources:
The Hindu
Ans .
a
The India–Africa Forum Summit was first held in 2008 at
New Delhi at the initiative of then Prime Minister
Dr.Mannohan Singh. The Third India-Africa Forum Summit
was held in New Delhi in October 2015.
Why the question Came:
India-Africa relations are a high priority not just for Indian
Diplomacy but from the perspective of UPSC examination as
well. Africa is also the focus due to multiple reasons.
Sources:
The Hindu
Ans .
d
TPP is a trade agreement amongst only twelve Pacific Rim
countries.
Why the question Came:
TPP is a trending topic in International relations due to its
evolving nature and its likely impact on global economy and
geo-politics. Economic Survey was super concerned about
this and dedicates a chapter to impacts and how India should
react.
Sources:
The Economic Survey, The Hindu
Ans .
d
During the last review concluded in November 2015,
the Board decided that the Chinese renminbi (RMB) met the criteria for inclusion in the SDR basket.
Following this decision, the Chinese RMB joined the US dollar, euro, Japanese yen, and British pound sterling in the SDR basket, effective October 1, 2016.
Renminbi was decided to be included recently by IMF in
SDR.In theory, SDR inclusion will support renminbi in the
medium term. It would help promote use and acceptance of
renminbi globally as China is playing a bigger role in the
world economy.
Why the question Came:
The Chinese renminbi will be included in the Special
Drawing Rights basket of currencies of the International
Monetary Fund from Oct. 1. Chinese economy has been much
analysed right from The Hindu to the Economic Survey.
Focus on China is due to many aspects – Go through the
notes and related boxes from Economic Survey lectures.
Sources:
The Hindu
Ans .
c
The IMFC advises and reports to the IMF Board of Governors on the supervision and management of the
international monetary and financial system, including on responses to unfolding events that may disrupt the system.
It also considers proposals by the Executive Board to amend the Articles of Agreement and advises on any other matters that may be referred to it by the
Board of Governors.
Why the question Came:
Increasing role of IMF in world economy and UPSC going in
deeper into the structure and functioning rather than the usual
details is interesting… The extra focus on external economies
and global institutions was there in the Economic Survey
too
Sources:
The IMF
Ans .
d
The Belt and Road Initiative is a development strategy and
framework, proposed by China that focuses on connectivity
and cooperation among countries primarily between the
People’s Republic of China and the rest of Eurasia.
Why the question Came:
Since its inception, this initiative is seen as a concern for
India – one due to incresing Chinese presence in India and,
two, for huge investments announced for Pakistan. With
China Pakistan Economic Corridor coming into picture, the
Belt and Road Initiative became an important area. China
focus again, of course!
Sources:
The Hindu and Govt Websites
Ans .
b
Humanitarian aid organisation Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) has warned India that the country will not
remain ‘pharmacy of the developing world’ if the proposals in the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership agreement (RCEP) are adopted.
The RCEP is a regional trade agreement being negotiated between the 10 ASEAN countries currently in Auckland.
RCEP is a FTA between ASEAN and sic other countries
(Australia,China, India, Japan, S.Korea and NewZealand)
Why the question Came:
Recently it has been in the news for two reasons-Doctors
without borders has asked India not to accept RCEP lest it
wont be a medicine market of the world and recently the
ASEAN members ave asked India to either reduce the tariffs
or to quit the talks on FTA held by RCEP. Given great
importance in Economic Survey with a chapter discussing in
detail!
Sources:
The Economic Survey 2016-17, The Hindu
Ans .
a
Green box subsidies are allowed and amber box subsidies not
allowed.blue box requires approval under certain category.
Also, developing countries have expressed discomfort with
the developed countries being able to get their subsidies
categorised as ‘green box’ and escape legal action
Why the question Came:
WTO Nairobi Conference catapulted this into the headlines!
India procures foodgrain from farmers primarily to run its
public distribution system (PDS) in accordance with the
National Food Security Act and also maintain reserve
stocks.This comes under green box subsidies. There was issue
in WTO where India refused to sign TFA unless it is given
exemption under greenbox for food security subsidies. Also
discussed in Economic Survey in detail.
Sources:
The Economic Survey 2016-17, WTO, The Hindu
Ans .
c
Kurds are ethnic groups in middle east and not of bangladesh
Why the question Came:
The Madhesi blockade at the Nepal-India border point of
Birgunj in 2015 and rohingya muslims in myanmar issues
were in news. Watch our video here: IAS Preparation –
Current Affairs: Nepal
Sources:
The Hindu
Ans .
d
OPCW is an independent,autonomous,international
organisation in working relation with UN.
OPCW Member States share the collective goal of preventing chemistry from ever again being used for warfare,
thereby strengthening international security. To this end, the Convention contains four key provisions:
1. Destroying all existing chemical weapons under international verification by the OPCW.
2. Monitoring chemical industry to prevent chemical weapons from re-emerging.
3. Providing assistance and protection to States Parties against chemical threats.
4. Fostering international cooperation to strengthen implementation of the Convention and promote the peaceful use of chemistry.
Why the question Came:
OPCW was in news regarding chemical weapons warfare in
Syria recently. Thus Syria come into the UPSC QP!
Ans .
c
The ease of doing business index is an index created by the
World Bank Group. Higher rankings (a low numerical value)
indicate better, usually simpler, regulations for businesses and
stronger protections of property rights.
Empirical research is needed to establish the optimal level of business regulation—for example,
what the duration of court procedures should be and what the optimal degree of social protection is.
The indicators compiled in the Doing Business project allow such research to take place.
Since the start of the project in November 2001, more than 3,000 academic papers have used one or more indicators constructed in doing
Business and the related background papers by its authors.
Why the question Came:
Promoting India as a investment destination by improving
India’s Ease of Doing Business ranking in order to boost
Make in India has been a priority for the present government.
Well discussed in Economic Survey and in many editorials.
Go to our Infographics Section to get easy to remember
infographics on major reports and indexes.
Sources:
The Hindu, Economic Survey
Ans .
b
European stability Mechanism was launched back in October 2012 as one of the key elements in the
eurozone's defences against a deepening debt crisis.
ESM has replaced European
financial stability facility as a funding unit to eurozone
countries.
ESM gets the money by borrowing from financial markets, by selling bonds, the same method that governments use for most of their borrowing needs.
Why the question Came:
This question has appeared due to the larger background of
the Greek Debt Crisis which has been in the news for
sometime now. The Brexit issue brought it back into major
focus!
Watch Our Video: IAS Preparation – Current Affairs:
The Greek Debt Crisis
Sources:
The Hindu & Other Newspapers
Ans .
c
Announced by Finance Minister Arun Jaitley in his 2015-16
Budget speech, the Gold Monetization Scheme aims to bring
gold lying idle with households and institutions into the
market. In pursuance of the announcement in Union Budget
2015-16, Sovereign Gold Bond (SGB) scheme was launched
as an alternative to physical gold in Nov 2015. The aim of
SGB is to reduce demand, including through imports, for
physical gold, and in process reduce India’s Current Account
Deficit (CAD).
Why the question Came:
Was in news after last year’s budget. One of the important
schemes to be studied. Inflation and gold related stuff always
makes headlines. We had discussed in detail in the webinar
lectures. Economic Survey also highlights the gold schemes.
Sources:
The Hindu, The Economic Survey 2016-17
Ans .
c
MCLR guidelines by the RBI is an attempt to make banks
pass on policy rate cut benefits to borrowers. The objective is
to ensure better transmission, transparency and fair treatment
to new and existing borrowers.
Why the question Came:
The much-awaited RBI guidelines on calculating the
benchmark lending rate was launched inn December 2015.
Discussed in last two Economic Surveys and in multiple RBI
reports and speeches. A nice technical question which every
aspirant was expected to know if following economy and
banking closely. See our Economic Survey notes for details.
Sources:
The Hindu, The Economic Survey, RBI Website
Ans .
a
Net metering is a billing mechanism that credits solar energy
system owners for the electricity they add to the grid.
For example, if a residential customer has a PV system on their roof, it may generate more electricity than the home uses during daylight hours.
If the home is net-metered, the electricity meter will run backwards to provide a credit against what electricity is consumed at night or other periods
when the home's electricity use exceeds the system's output.
Why the question Came:
Few states such as Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh,
West Bengal and Uttarakhand have implemented the Net
Metering Policy in recent times. Linked to Solar Energy – so
important for UPSC!
Sources:
Govt Ministry Websites & official Websites.
Ans .
a
Modi government launched the Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana (PMMY) in April 2015. Under this scheme,
loans up to ₹1 million (US$14,000) are given for non-agricultural activities under the three categories: Shishu (loans up to ₹50,000 (US$720));
Kishore (loans from ₹50,000 (US$720) to ₹500,000 (US$7,200)) and Tarun (loans from ₹500,000 (US$7,200) to ₹1 million (US$14,000)).
According to a report by the SKOCH Group, this scheme has generated 1.68 crore incremental jobs in the first two years till September 2017.
Straight Factual Question. Mudra is for small entrepreneurs.
Why the question Came:
Current Affairs – important schemes. Highlighted in
Economic Survey notes.
Sources:
The Hindu, The Economic Survey 2016-17
Ans .
d
Identified shale-gas formations are spread over several
sedimentary basins of the country, such as Cambay,
Gondwana, Krishna Godavari Onland, and Cauvery.
Why the question Came:
Was in news – April 2016. Issue of oil prices also made shale
gas very prominent.
Sources:
The Hindu and other newspapers
Ans .
b
It is prepared by IMF.
The Global Financial Stability Report provides an assessment of the global financial system and markets, and addresses emerging market financing in
a global context. It focuses on current market conditions, highlighting systemic issues that could pose a risk to financial stability and sustained
market access by emerging market borrowers. The Report draws out the financial ramifications of economic imbalances highlighted by the IMF's World
Economic Outlook. It contains, as special features, analytical chapters or essays on structural or systemic issues relevant to international financial
stability.
Why the question Came:
Was in news – April 2016 – partly on the issue of Non-performing Assets. Economic survey is also keen on
discussing global financial stability. Report based questions
are common in UPSC. Go to our Infographics Section to get
easy to remember infographics on major reports and indexes.
Sources:
The Hindu, IMF, Economic Survey
Ans .
c
The Government of India is concerned about the old age income security of the working poor
and is focused on encouraging and enabling them to save for their retirement. To address the longevity risks among the workers
in unorganized sector and to encourage the workers in unorganized sector to voluntarily save for their retirement.
The only condition is that the beneficiary should have a
savings bank account.
Why the question Came:
It was in the news as the provisions regarding the payment of
lump-sum on the death of the subscriber was amended in the
month of march 2016 by the government. Also mentioned in
Economic Survey.
Sources:
PIB, NPSCRA website
Ans .
c
Hunger and forced migration are painful realities for millions, but this state of affairs has yet to
spur the kind of political leadership and action by national governments that is so urgently needed. More worryingly, we are seeing the issue
of migration become a lightning rod for new political discourse that is increasingly more hard-line than humanitarian.
The four component indicators are: Undernourishment, Child
wasting, Child stunting, Child mortality
Why the question Came:
India was ranked 80th out of 104 countries in the Global
Hunger Index 2015. This was highlighted by many
newspapers and reports. Indexes are always important for
UPSC exam anyway.
Sources:
IFPRI & The Hindu
Ans .
c
From the given options, only reducing revenue expenditure
and rationalizing subsidies would reduce the deficit.
Why the question Came:
Conceptual questions on Economy are expected. There have
been many views expressed in the media on rationalization of
subsidies. Economic Survey gives a lot of priority to both
reduction of deficits and to rationalizing of subsidies with
seperate chapters dedicated to both areas. Go through our
Economic Survey notes for more details.
Sources:
The Economic Survey 2016-17
Ans .
d
Unlike a regular bank, a payment bank can’t loan money to
people, or issue credit cards. While the payment banks can’t
issue credit cards, they can issue ATM and debit cards.
Why the question Came:
Issue of Payment Banks was discussed in Yojana Magazine
August 2015 Edition. Payment banks have been consistent in
the news. banking has been a hot sector for current affairs!
Go through our Gist of Yojana section. SeeAug 2015
coverage.
Watch our Current Affairs June Session: IAS
Preparation – Current Affairs: June 2016 Roundup
Sources:
Yojana Magazine (August 2015) Issue & The Hindu
Ans .
d
Ujjwal DISCOM Assurance Yojana (UDAY) is the financial turnaround and revival package for electricity
distribution companies of India (DISCOMs) with the intent to find a permanent solution to the financial mess that the power distribution is in.
It allows state governments, which own the DISCOMs, to take over 75 percent of their debt as of September 30, 2015
and pay back lenders by selling bonds. DISCOMs are expected to issue bonds for the remaining 25 percent of their debt.
Financial problems with power distribution companies is
being overcome by this scheme
Why the question Came:
As on March 2015, the accumulated losses and the
outstanding debt of discoms are approximately Rs. 3.8 lakh
crore and Rs. 4.3 lakh crore, respectively. Became major
news and Economic Survey dedicated a full chapter to this
scheme. Then Budget also took major action. Go through the
Economic Survey Webinar notes for details.
Sources:
The Economic Survey 2016-17, Power ministry webiste and
PIB
Ans .
c
IFC has also issued onshore Maharaja bonds under a $2.5 billion
program for issuances in India’s domestic capital markets.
IFC will invest the proceeds of the bond in a green bond issued by Yes Bank,
one of India’s largest commercial banks. Yes Bank will invest the proceeds of its bond in renewable energy and energy efficiency projects,
mainly in the solar and wind sectors.
Rupee-denominated borrowings by Indian entities in overseas
markets. Usually, while borrowing in overseas markets, the
currency is a globally accepted one like dollar, euro or
yen.The IFC green Masala bond is issued under IFC’s $3
billion offshore rupee Masala bond program.
Why the question Came:
IFC issued a 5-year Masala bond on the London Stock
Exchange, the first green bond issued in the offshore rupee
markets on August 2015. Made plenty of news in economy
circles. Discussed by FM too.
Sources:
IFC. The Hindu
Ans .
d
Capital receipts and expenditures of Govt of India budget.
Even borrowings and loans given come under capital
expenditure and receipts.
Why the question Came:
Classic question from Budgeting/Economic survey. Well
discussed in every Economic Survey!
Sources:
The Economic Survey 2016-17, Budget 2015-16
Ans .
d
Foreign currency reserves (months of import coverage) The
stock of foreign exchange reserves in terms of months of
retained imports of goods as at end of year. It measures the
number of months of money available in the national bank to
cover the cost of imports.
Why the question Came:
India’s import cover improved to 10.9 months at the end of
March 2016, from 9.8 months at end-September 2015, as the
country’s reserves improved about $10 billion in the period,
the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) said in its half yearly report
on foreign exchange reserves. The Economic Survey also
talked in detail about India’s Forex Reserves and the Import
cover was analyzed. FM too spoke about this. In the light of
volatile world economic situation, this is important.
Sources:
The Economic Survey 2016-17, RBI Reports
Ans .
a
Core banking is a banking service provided by a group of
networked bank branches where customers may access their
bank account and perform basictransactions from any of the
member branch offices.The core banking services rely
heavily on computer and network technology to allow a bank
to centralise its record keeping and allow access from any
location. It has been the development of banking software
that has allowed core banking solutions to be developed.
Core banking is often associated with retail banking and many banks treat the retail customers as their core banking customers.
Businesses are usually managed via the corporate banking division of the institution. Core banking covers basic depositing and lending of money.
Core banking functions will include transaction accounts, loans, mortgages and payments.
Banks make these services available across multiple channels like automated teller machines, Internet banking, mobile banking and branches
Why the question Came:
Was in news in March. Department of Posts has decided to
provide CBS to its customers. Banking as we told is a hot
topic, so UPSC needs to find questions, but not from same old
areas!
Sources:
The Hindu, RBI
Ans .
c
Financial Stability and Development Council (FSDC) is an apex-level body constituted by the government of
India. The idea to create such a super regulatory body was first mooted by the Raghuram Rajan Committee in 2008.
Finally in 2010, the then Finance Minister of India, Pranab Mukherjee, decided to set up such an autonomous body dealing with macro prudential and
financial regularities in the entire financial sector of India.
FSDC is headed by finance minister. monitoring
macroprudential vision of economy is one among the
objective of it
Why the question Came:
From current affairs section macro economic changes that are
taking place in the present government and related
administrative changes in governance over period of time
after LPG reforms
Ans .
b
Firms make profits in one jurisdiction, and shift them across borders by exploiting gaps and mismatches in
tax rules, to take advantage of lower tax rates and, thus, not paying taxes to in the country where the profit is made.
BEPS- Tax payer action that reduces the taxable profit in a
jurisdiction, either by recharacterising it or by shifting it to a
jurisdiction where it will be taxed at a lower rate or not taxed
at all. This is seen by tax authorities as potentially abusive,
even if legal.
Why the question Came:
Straight out of Economic Survey and Economy news in RBI,
etc. Black Money related news has been prominent, but
controversial – so characteristically a technical question is
asked by UPSC!
The topic gained importance due to continued discussion on
ways to tackle tax avoidance and tax evasion since the bugdet
was tabled this year.
Ans .
a
Andhra Pradesh became the first state to house India’s first
national investment and manufacturing zone in September
2015. SImple Factual question.
Why the question Came:
Factual from news paper. manufacturing is the focus of many
policies, as per last two budgets and Economic Surveys.
Sources:
The Hindu
Ans .
b
Objective of district mineral commities are to protect the
interest of the people affected by mining
Why the question Came:
Current affairs section, related to rights issues of weaker
section generally asked in preliminary exam
Sources:
Govt Websites for Schemes etc.
Ans .
d
The Inland Waterways Authority of India under the Ministry of Shipping proposes to guide and support Rajasthan
government for building an Inland Shipping Port at Jalore. The port and the terminal that are to be created, will help develop inland navigation facilities
in western Rajasthan and will also bring about socio-economic development of the region. Business development opportunities along the canal for limestone,
gypsum, lignite and cement factories are to be explored by the state government.
An inland Shipping Port at Jalore would be connected to the
Arabian Sea by developing a channel along the Kutch Creek.
The correct answer is thus Rajasthan.
Why the question Came:
PIB had released an update regarding this.
Sources:
Press Information Bureau
Ans .
c
Rashtriya Garima Abhiyan is National Campaign for Dignity
and Eradication of Manual Scavenging. The practice
continues in the country in spite of efforts of several people,
implementation of government schemes such as the National
Scheme for Liberation and Rehabilitation of Scavengers since
1992 and Self Employment Scheme for Rehabilitation of
Manual Scavengers since 2007, and regardless of it being
banned in 1993 through Employment of Manual Scavengers
and Construction of Dry Latrines (prohibition) Act.
Why the question Came:
Manual Scavenging is closely associated with exploitation of
dalits as majority of them work in this despite it being
banned. Issue of dalit atrocities in news in recent times. So
UPSC comes up with a politically correct but related
question!
Government had passed the Prohibition of Employment as
Manual Scavengers
and their Rehabilitation Act in 2013.
Sources:
Govt Websites
Ans .
b
2 percent premium under PMFBY is applicable only for
khariff crops. For rabi crops the premium is 1.5%.
Why the question Came:
In news recently- important scheme. Economic Survey gives
importance to scheme.
Sources:
The Economic Survey 2016-17, The Hindu, Govt Websites
Ans .
c
Official website-both statements are correct
Why the question Came:
It was much in news esp with India’s new Startup Culture.
Launched by the PM in April 2016. Boxed item in Economic
Survey too.
Sources:
Economic Survey 2016-17, The Hindu
Ans .
a
Mission Indradhanush is a Govt of India intiative to ensure
full immunisation with all available vaccines for children up
to 2 yrs and pregnant women
Why the question Came:
Health related schemes are always UPSC favorites. Also there
was anotehr scheme of similar name – so two times chances.
We had discussed this in Economic Survey lectures on PSBs
as well as in IYB lectures.
Sources:
Ministry and Scheme Websites
Ans .
a, c
The Ministry of Agriculture’s info on its website helps us
deduce that statement 1 is definitely correct and statement 3 is
wrong because the free kits includes only micronutrients,
pesticides and fertilizers but it does not include micro
irrigation. Statement 2 is quite ambiguous and makes it tough
to come to a conclusion. So the answer could be either A or C
Why the question Came:
Promoting nutri-cereals in a malnourished country has been a
focus area since the scheme was launched in 2011-12 to
enhance India’s nutritional security.
Sources:
Minsitry Websites
Ans .
d
SWAYAM is an instrument for self-actualisation providing opportunities for a life-long learning.
Here learner can choose from hundreds of courses , virtually every course that is taught at the university / college / school level and these shall be
offered by best of the teachers in India and elsewhere.
If a student is studying in any college, he/she can transfer the credits earned by taking these courses into their academic record.
If you are, working or not working, in school or out of school, SWAYAM presents a unique educational opportunity to expand the horizons of knowledge.
SWAYAM programme under ministry of HRD in which
Professors of centrally funded institutions like IITs, IIMs,
central universities will offer online courses to citizens of
India. All courses would be offered free of cost under this
programme however fees would be levied in case learner
requires certificate.
Why the question Came:
Current affairs section, government schemes and programs –
always important – and this is education, an important area.
Sources:
Govt Websites for Schemes etc