CAT 1990

Ans .

(b) x > 1 > y

1. Explanation :

   x × x = 1.5x – x2 and y × y = 1.5y – y2. For x × x < y × y to be true, 1.5x – x2 < 1.5y – y2 ⇒ x(1.5 – x) < y(1.5 – y) Option I: 1> x > y Thus, x × x and y × y must be greater than 0.5. If x = 0.6 and y = 0.9 In this case x × x = y × y Thus, this condition is not always true. Option II: x > 1 > y Here, y × y must be greater than 0.5 and x × x must be less than 0.5. This condition is always true. Option III: 1 > y > x Thus, x × x and y × y must be greater than 0.5. If x = 0.6 and y = 0.9 In this case x × x = y × y Thus, this condition is not always true Option IV: y > 1 > x Here, x × x must be greater than 0.5 and y × y must be less than 0.5. This condition can never be true.

Ans .

(a) p(-p)^k-1

1. Explanation :

   The summation of all terms \( \frac{p}{p-1} \) = \( \frac{-p}{1-p} \) comparing this expression with sum \( \frac{a}{1-r} \) of an infinite geometric progression with first term as ‘a’ and common ratio as r, a = – p and r = p. f(k) is the kth term of geometric progression. Hence, f(k) = –p × p^(k-1) = p(–p)^k–1

Ans .

(a) 115

1. Explanation :

   There are 116 players in all. If we have to choose 1 winner, there have to be 115 losers in all. And since 1 match gives 1 loser, there has to be 115 matches to be played in all in the tournament

Ans .

(c) Always by 6

1. Explanation :

   n³ – n = n(n² – 1) = (n – 1)n (n + 1) Above expression is the product of three consecutive numbers. So at least one number is even and one number is a multiple of 3. So the product is always divisible by 6.

Ans .

(b) > 3 if d > 1

1. Explanation :

   (1 – d³) / (1 – d) = (1 – d)(1 + d + d²)/(1 – d) = (1 + d + d²) If d > 1, then d² > 1 and (1 + d + d²)> 3. Hence (b) is the right answer.

Ans .

(c) 20

1. Explanation :

   Let Gopal have Rs. 400. The price of an orange and that of a mango would be Rs.8 and Rs.10 respectively. If he keeps 10% of the money for taxi fare, he is left with Rs.360. Now if he buys 20 mangoes i.e. if he spends Rs. 200, he is left with Rs.160, for which he can buy 20 oranges

Ans .

(c) 60, 40

1. Explanation :

   Let the number of TVs and VCRs bought be t and v respectively. Therefore, t v 100 +≤  (i) 10000t 15000v 1200000 2t 3v 240 + ≤ ⇒ + ≤  (ii) Profit = 2000t + 2500v, to maximize profit we have to maximize v. From (i) and (ii), () 2 100 v 3v 240 − + ≤ v 40 ≤ and t 60 ≤ For maximum profit: t = 60 and v = 40.

Ans .

(b) 0

1. Explanation :

   Let the number of TVs and VCRs bought be t and v respectively. Therefore, t v 120 +≤  (i) 10000t 15000v 1200000 2t 3v 240 + ≤ ⇒ + ≤  (ii) Profit = 2000t + 2500v, to maximize profit we have to maximize v. From (i) and (ii), () 2 120 v 3v 240 − + ≤ v0 ≤ and t 120 ≤ For maximum profit: t = 120 and v = 0. Required ratio = 0.

Ans .

(a) 2.64

1. Explanation :

   Let the number of TVs and VCRs bought be t and v respectively. Therefore, t v 100 +≤  (i) 10000t 15000v 1200000 2t 3v 240 + ≤ ⇒ + ≤  (ii) Profit = 2200t + 3300v, to maximize profit we have to maximize v. From (i) and (ii), () 2 100 v 3v 240 − + ≤ v 40 ≤ and t 60 ≤ For maximum profit: t = 60 and v = 40. Required profit = 2200 × 60 + 3300 × 40 = Rs.2.64 lakhs.

Ans .

(b) 2,75,000

1. Explanation :

   Since Ghosh babu distributed his property equally among his 4 daughters, each one of them should get 25% of the property. The eldest daughter got 20% of the total property and Rs.25000 in cash. So, Rs.25000 should constitute 5% of the total property. Hence the total property is worth Rs.5 lakhs. Now, the total cash given by him = Rs.25000 (eldest daughter) + Rs.50000 (second daughter) + Rs.150000 (i.e. Rs.75000 each to his third and fourth daughters) = Rs.225000. So, out of his total property of Rs.500000, Rs.225000 is cash, so the gold and silver should be worth Rs.275000.

Ans .

(a) 5.0

1. Explanation :

   Since Ghosh babu distributed his property equally among his 4 daughters, each one of them should get 25% of the property. The eldest daughter got 20% of the total property and Rs.25000 in cash. So, Rs.25000 should constitute 5% of the total property. Hence the total property is worth Rs.5 lakhs. Now, the total cash given by him = Rs.25000 (eldest daughter) + Rs.50000 (second daughter) + Rs.150000 (i.e. Rs.75000 each to his third and fourth daughters) = Rs.225000. So, out of his total property of Rs.500000, Rs.225000 is cash, so the gold and silver should be worth Rs.275000.

Ans .

(d) 55

1. Explanation :

   If Ghosh Babu has equal number of gold and silver bars, the value of 1 gold bar and 1 silver bar is Rs.5000 (i.e. Rs.4000 + Rs.1000) and the total worth of gold and silver bars is Rs.275000. Hence, number of gold and silver bars would be equal i.e. 275000 / 5000=55

Ans .

(c) (retain upper) (retain upper)

1. Explanation :

   Since you choose to retain right and then left in your next move, the cells that would hence be retained contain 2,6,3,8. (look at the second grid) Hence, to reduce your gain to minimum, your friend has to retain 2 at the end. So his strategy has to be retain upper and retain upper.

Ans .

(b) Rs.3

1. Explanation :

   If both of you select the moves intelligently, you would both go for maximising your earnings. In your first move you have to select either left or right and your friend has to then select either upper or lower. Hence the possibilities could be : So, if you move (retain right) you ensure a minimum gain of Rs.3 and if you move (retain left) you ensure a minimum gain of Rs.2. Hence if both of you play intelligently, you would first move retain right and ensure a minimum win of Rs.3, irrespective of what your friend moves.

Ans .

(a) Rs.3

1. Explanation :

   If your first move is (retain right) then the grid will look the same as in Q82. Your friend may hence choose either (retain upper), which will leave you to choose from 2,4,6,7 or he may choose (retain lower), which will leave you to choose from 3,2,8,4. In case he takes the former move, you can then move (retain right) and hence force a minimum gain of 4. But in case he chooses the latter move, you can then move (retain move) and force a minimum gain of 3. In either case you can force a minimum gain of Rs.3

Ans .

(d) 6

1. Explanation :

   If the roots are reciprocal of each other their product = 1. Product of roots of the equation =6/a Since 6/a=1 a = 6.

Ans .

(d) None of these

1. Explanation :

   It can be seen that by travelling 12 km (30 –18) more at original speed, the car reaches 9 minutes earlier. So, in order to reach 45 minutes earlier, it has to travel a distance of 60 km more at original speed. So the distance between points A & B = (18 + 60) = 78 kms. Hence, the answer is (d)

Ans .

(a) 44, 33, 17.60

1. Explanation :

   If there are 120 units of the work to be done, A would finish 1/6th of it in 1 day i.e. 20 units, B will finish 1/8 of it in 1 day i.e. 15 units and C will finish 1/15th of it in 1 day i.e.8 units. So, the amount of work done by A, B and C are in ratio 20 : 15 : 8. This should be ratio in which the total earning should be divided into. So, A, B and C would get Rs.44, Rs.33 and Rs.17.60 respectively. = or 20 : 15 : 8 Total earnings would be divided among A, B and C in ratio 20 : 15 : 8. Earnings of A, B and C (in Rs.) will be 44, 33 and 17.60 respectively.

Ans .

(c) 102.78, 50

1. Explanation :

   To completely cross each other the trains have to effectively travel a distance equal to the sum of their lengths. They cover this distance at a effective speed of (60 + 50) = 110 kmph in 5 sec. Hence the sum of the lengths = 110 x (5/3600) = 0.152.78 km or 152.78 m. For the passenger sitting in the faster train to cross the slower train completely, he should have moved through a distance equal to the length of the slower train. Also since the trains are moving in the same direction, effective speed = (60 – 50) = 10 kmph. Since the distance equal to the length of the slower train is covered in 18 secs., the length of the slower train = 10 x (18/3600) = 0.05 km or 50 m. Thus the length of the faster train is (152.78 – 50) = 102.78 m.

Ans .

(d).None of these

1. Explanation :

   If we are to take out the first elements of each set we find them as : 1, 2, 4, 7, 11, 16….. This series is neither an AP nor a GP, but the difference between the terms viz.1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ….. is in AP with a=1 and d=1. Hence to find the 50th term of the original series we have to add the sum of 49 terms of the second series to the first term of the original series. Since the difference series is the natural number series, the sum of first 49 terms = (49 x 50)/2 = 1225. Hence the 50th term of the original series = (1225 + 1) = 1226. This will be the first element of the set S50, which will have 50 elements ie. The last element will be 1275. So, the sum of the elements in this set is given as : n(a + l)/2 = 50x(1226 + 1275)/2 = 62525.

Ans .

(a) 128

1. Explanation :

   The side of every inner square will be 1/√2 times the side of the outer square. Hence the area of every inner square will be ½ the area of the outer square. The area of the outermost square = 64 sq. cm. So the area of the 2nd square woluld be 32 sq.cm., the 3rd square would be 16 sq.cm. and so on. Hence the sum of all these areas would be : 64 + 32 + 16 + 8 + 4 + ……. This forms a GP with a = 64 and r = ½. It is also a infinitely diminishing series. Hence the sum of all terms = a/(1 – r) = 64/(1 – ½) = 128 sq. cm.

Ans .

(a) n1=n2 if M=10 and n1=0

1. Explanation :

   FORWARD 25, BACKWARD 10 would effectively mean a FORWARD 15 i.e. n2-n1 = 15, (if M – n1> 25) and n2 = M – 10 (if M – n1 < 25). The only option that satisfies this is option (a). So if M = 10 and n1 = 0., then M – n1 < 25 and so n2 = 10 – 10 = 0. Hence, n1=n2

Ans .

(a) n1=n2 provided n1 ≥ 5

1. Explanation :

   BACKWARD, 5; FORWARD, 5 would effectively mean n1 = n2 (in case n1 ≥ 5) or n2 = 5 (in case n1<5). The only option that satisfies this is (a).

Ans .

(b) n2-n1=20 if M>20 and n1=1

1. Explanation :

   FORWARD, 10 ; FORWARD, 10 would effectively mean a FORWARD 20 i.e. n2-n1 = 20, (if M – n1 ≥ 20) .or n2 = M (if M – n1 < 20). The option that satisfies this condition is (b), as if M>20 and n1=1, then M – n1 > 20, and hence n2-n1 = 20.

Ans .

(c) n2=n1+1 provided M-n1>5

1. Explanation :

   FORWARD, 5; BACKWARD, 4, would effectively mean a FORWARD 1 i.e. n2-n1 = 1 (if M – n1 ≥ 5) or n2 = M – 4 (if M – n1< 5). The option that satisfies this condition is (c).

Ans .

(b) A route can either start at C or end at C, but not both.

1. Explanation :

   Let us work by the rule of elimination. Option (a) cannot be true as there are many routes that satisfy the given condition. Option (c) is also not true as we can have a route starting from D (eg. DEBDCBAC). The route need not necessarily end at E, which is apparent from the eg. Given. Hence the correction option is (b).

Ans .

(d) two

1. Explanation :

   City A is connected by 2 roads, B by 4 roads, C by 3 roads, D by 3 roads and E by 2 roads. For a city to be starting city for such a route, it has to be connected by odd number of roads. Hence the required answer is 2 viz. C and D.

Ans .

(c) x² + y² + z²

1. Explanation :

   (x + y + z)² = x² + y² + z² + 2 (xy + yz + xz) = x² + y² + z² + 2 × 0 = x² + y² + z².

Ans .

(d) None of these

1. Explanation :

   Let ‘p’ people be born everyday. Since February 29 comes once in 4 years. In 20th century there were 25 leap years, hence number of people born on 29th February = 25p. Total number of people born in the century = (25 x 366 x p) + (75 x 365 x p) = 36525p. Therefore percentage of people born on 29th February = 25/36525 x 100 = 0.0684. HINT : Students please note that this could well be solved by taking 1 set of leap year as well. In other words, in a 4 year period number of people born = (3x365xp) + 366p = 1461p and number of people born on 29th February in this 4 year period = p. Hence required percentage = 1/1461 x 100 = 0.0684. Thus the period has no significance in this problem.

Ans .

(c) 5, 10, 15

1. Explanation :

   Options (b) and (d) can be eliminated as the difference in the number of books here is 1. i.e.12,13 and 5,6 respectively. That leaves us with options (a) and (c). Among these we can quickly verify by multiplying only the last digits. Eg. For option (a) the last digit of the total cost should be (5x7) + (8x9) + (7x3) = 5 + 2 + 1 = 8. Which is not we are looking for as our total cost is Rs.620 (with last digit = 0). But option (c) does satisfy this as (5x7) + (0x9) + (5x3) = 5 + 0 + 5 = 0 (as last digit).

Ans .

(d) 11

1. Explanation :

   Since the total cost is a multiple of 10, the addition of the cost of each type of card should also be a multiple of 10. Now if he buys 5 cards at Rs.5, hill totally pay Rs.25. Since to total cost of Rs.2 card will always be a multiple of 10 (irrespective of whether he buys 5 or 10), the only way total cost can be a multiple of 10 is if the cost of Rs.4.50 cards and that of Rs.3.50 card ends in 5 (eg. 35, 45 etc.). But this will never be possible as either both of them have to bought 10 in number or 1 of them has to be 5 and the other one 10. In the first case we will have their cost as 35+45 = 70 and in the latter case we will have 50 paise at the end. This means that the only way in which the total cost could be multiple of 10 is if we buy 10 each of Rs.2 and Rs.5 and 5 each of Rs..3.50 and Rs.4.50. This will make the total cost = 50+20+17.50+22.50 = 110 rs. Hence he gave 11 notes to the shopkeeper.

Ans .

(d) Cannot be determined.

1. Explanation :

   The answer cannot be determined as the data for only five states is given and we don’t know the excise duty rates for other states.

Ans .

(d) Cannot be determined.

1. Explanation :

   We have been given the total value in the graph, but nothing is mentioned about the amount of liquor manufactured by states other than Tamil Nadu

Ans .

(c) DCEBA

1. Explanation :

   Since Excise duty is levied on the total value of liquor produced by the 5 distilleries, this will be in the same order as the order of the amount of the liquor produced by them (as the excise duty rate remains constant). Hence the correct order is DCEBA.

Ans .

(b) 15.11

1. Explanation :

   Average simple annual growth rate of five distilleries is as follows:
   So the distillery with highest growth rate is C and with lowest growth rate is E. So had the amount of liquor manufactured by E grown by 313.41% in the 2 year period ie. Grown by 616.82% overall its supply in 1998 would be (2.45 x 616.82 /100) = 15.11 liters.

Ans .

(b) Mumtaz

1. Explanation :

   If statement (I) is true, the other 2 should be false. In other words it implies that both Saira and Mumtaz have the ball. This is not possible. If statement (II) is true, then statements (I) and (III) are false, then Saira and Mumtaz does not have the ball and even Zeenat does not have the ball as she has the pen. This is contradictory. Hence, the only possibility that is statement (III) is true and (I) and (II) are false. This implies that Mumtaz has the ball, Zeenat has the pencil and Saira has the pen

Ans .

(b) David, Albert

1. Explanation :

   The equations can be expressed as : J < T
   J + T = A + D
   A + T < D + J
   Comparing (i) and (iii), we can see that D > A. If we rearrange the statement (ii) we get : (T – J) < (D – A). In other words the difference between J and T is less than that between D and A. Using this relationship and statement (ii), we can say that the right order is D> T > J > A. Hence, the answer is (b).

Ans .

(b) Charulata

1. Explanation :

   As Bhanu’s total was less than Akila’s, Bhanu cannot be the winner. As Ela’s and Divya’s marks are the same, none of them could be winners. The winner could hence be either Bhanu or Charulata. Now, Akhila got 13 in Coherence. Even if she gets 19 in all of the remaining (as no one got 20 in any 1 head), her total would only be 89. But the winner’s total is 90. So Charulata is the winner.

Ans .

(a).Rs. 103.48 crore

1. Explanation :

   Required average:\( \frac{(100.5 + 67 + 141 + 143.9 + 65)}{5} \)

Ans .

(a) 150, 100, 211, 216, 97

1. Explanation :

   The key here is figuring out that the only performance which is less than the 1985 performance is the 1988 performance. Hence the percentage corresponding to 1988 should be less than 100. Thus we see that (c) cannot be the answer. Also (b) cannot be the answer as it shows two of the years having less than 100%. Between options (a) and (d), the correct answer is (a), This is so because the difference between the 1985 and 1988 performance is only 2 units on 67 units. Hence percentage wise it has to be 97% and not 68%.

Ans .

(b) 1988

1. Explanation :

   The highest percentage decline over the previous year is seen for the year 1988, as in this year the performance almost halved.

Ans .

(c) 42.5

1. Explanation :

   The estimated total expenditure = 52.1+267.5+196.4+209.5 = 725.5 lakhs. If it has to be kept within 700 lakhs, the expenditures have to be cut by 25.5 laks. Cut in expenditure every year = \( \frac{25.5}{4} \) = 6.375 lakhs. Hence, percentage cut for 1989 \( \frac{6.375}{15} \) = × 100 = 42.5%.

Ans .

b) 0.7

1. Explanation :

   The estimated costs of material and labour for different years are : 1988 = 2.1 1989 = 95+70+15+25+25 = 230 1990 = 80+45+12+18+20 = 175 1991 = 75+60+16+21+18 = 190 Required proportion= \( \frac{2.1 230 175 }{2.1 230 175 190} \)=0.682.

Ans .

(b) 8 : 1

1. Explanation :

   Total material cost for all years = (95+80+75+70+45+60+15+12+16+25+18+21) = 532 Total labour cost for all years = (2.1+25+20+18) = 65.1 Hence ratio = 532 : 65.1 ≈ 8 : 1

Ans .

(b) Rs. 16.4 lakh

1. Explanation :

   In the given table we can see that the costs that can be taken under the head “Materials” are : Cement, Steel, Bricks and Other building materials. The estimated cost of these heads in 1990 = 80 + 45 + 12 + 18 = 155 The estimated cost of these heads in 1991 = 75 + 60 + 16 + 21 = 172 Since the cost of material rises by 5%, or would rise by 0.05X (155 + 172) = Rs.16.35 lakhs.

Ans .

(b) 29

1. Explanation :

   Till 1990, actual amount spent = Rs.725.5 lakhs Expenditure for 1991 as estimated = 209.5 lakhs. Required percentage increase=\( \frac{209.5 }{725.5 } \)x100= 28.89%

Ans .

(a) 3.47

1. Explanation :

   Total estimate = Rs. 725.5 lakh; Estimate of contingencies = (1 + 15 + 4.2 + 5) = Rs.25.2 lakh. Now as the estimate of contingencies is doubled, it increases by Rs.25.2 lakhs. And hence the percentage increase in the total estimate is \( \frac{25.2}{725.5} \)x 100=3.47%

Ans .

(c) (4, Brown)

1. Explanation :

   From table 3 it can be seen that the highest percentage of sales to stock is 74% for the Region 4 and colour Brown

Ans .

(b) Brown

1. Explanation :

   From Table 4 it can be seen that in region 1, the maximum percentage of saris were sold of Brown colour viz.22% and hence this is the most popular colour in this region.

Ans .

(d) 1

1. Explanation :

   This can be answered from the fifth table. It can be seen that Region 1 has sold the maximum percentage of magenta saris out of its total magenta saris sold (viz.44%)

Ans .

(b) 6

1. Explanation :

   This can be answered from the fourth table. It can be seen that Region 6 has sold the least percentage of green saris out of its total sale (viz.14%)

Ans .

(a) 2

1. Explanation :

   This can be answered from the fifth table. It can be seen that the percentage of blue saris sold is maximum for Region 2 viz. (33%)

Ans .

(a) 1984 – 85

1. Explanation :

   Hence the ratio is lowest for 84-85.

Ans .

(a) 1988 – 89

1. Explanation :

   It can be seen that in 88-89, area cropped shows a decline for 3 of the crops viz.wheat, jowar and bajra. This is the maximum number of crops for any year.

Ans .

(d) 2.23

1. Explanation :

   The amount area brought under irrigation for Major and Medium in 86-87 = (24 – 23.2) = 0.8 The amount area brought under irrigation for Minor in 86-87 = (34.2 – 32.77) = 1.43 Hence total area brought under irrigation in 86-87 = 0.8+1.43 = 2.23 million hectares

Ans .

(d) 1987 – 88

1. Explanation :

   It can be seen that only in the year 1987-88, the area under minor irrigated area has decreased (from 34.2 to 34). Hence it is obvious that this area should have been transferred to major and medium irrigated areas.

Ans .

(c) it provided effective means for the cure of mental disorders.

1. Explanation :

   Psychoanalysis has been referred to a curative system for mental healing.

Ans .

(c) Behaviorism traces all action to conditioning by habit; psychoanalysis to the depths of the human mind.

1. Explanation :

   Behaviorism bid for approval by reducing adjustment to a program of conditioning while psychoanalysis analysed mental factors

Ans .

(b) Psychoanalysis wooed people dissatisfied with other branches of psychology to swell their ranks.

1. Explanation :

   The passage states that psychoanalysis created for itself a considerable following among those content with traditional methods and attitudes.

Ans .

(c) facts will be created themselves

1. Explanation :

   Create a belief in the theory and the facts will create themselves

Ans .

(c) theory leads to practice

1. Explanation :

   Psychoanalysts believe that practice is entirely a derivative of theory.

Ans .

(d) It was pre-occupied with unfamiliar concepts such as dreams and the subconscious mind.

1. Explanation :

   Freudian psychoanalysis was neglected by academic psychology because orthodox psychology largely ignored dreams, lapses and neuroses

Ans .

(b) Psychoanalysis broke the shackles of convention in its involvement with humanistic issues.

1. Explanation :

   The mission of psychoanalysis has been described as humanistic and one that was the most novel and releasing of the curative systems that mark the history of mental healing.

Ans .

(d) its concentration upon the humanistic aspect of psychological analysis.

1. Explanation :

   The psychoanalytical movement became popular due to its exploration of intimate problems of human relations.

Ans .

(d) the unintentional mixing up of word sequences in the computer can result in poetry.

1. Explanation :

   Computers produce by accident sequences of words that humans recognize as poetry.

Ans .

(c) the process of organizing and communicating are similar in both cases.

1. Explanation :

   Both can be organized to solve problems and both have a similar mode of communication

Ans .

(d) functional.

1. Explanation :

   The comparison between the two depends upon what the two can do.

Ans .

(d) there is continuity between what is human and what is mechanical.

1. Explanation :

   The author says that there is no sharp break of continuity between what is human and what is mechanical.

Ans .

(b) feeling that computers have yet to conquer the emotional heights that man is capable of attaining.

1. Explanation :

   The author implies that computers are not yet capable of producing poetry

Ans .

(b) methods of communication

1. Explanation :

   The mode of communication is very similar in both

Ans .

(b) without work

1. Explanation :

   The author states that in future due to mechanization there would be many unemployed people.

Ans .

(c) it has not taken into consideration the possibility of an immense reduction of human labour in the wake of mechanization.

1. Explanation :

   Socialism at present does not think of the possibility of unemployment in the wake of mechanization

Ans .

(c) a revolt against the conception of workers as commodities.

1. Explanation :

   A revolt against the conception of a worker as a commodity led to the labour movement.

Ans .

(d) realize the maximum profit.

1. Explanation :

   The main purpose of competitive enterprise is to realize a profit.

Ans .

(c) limit the amount of leisure to that which can be profitably used.

1. Explanation :

   In the given context we should think of limiting the amount of leisure to that which can be profitably used

Ans .

(b) external compulsion is reduced to a minimum and they are agreeable and require quite a lot of initiative.

1. Explanation :

   In the given activities the external compulsion is minimum and they have an element of pleasure and require initiative.

Ans .

(d) There is no form of work which shows approximation to occupation.

1. Explanation :

   There are forms of work like that of an artist or a scientist where external compulsion is reduced to the minimum and which can thus be hardly differentiated from occupation

Ans .

(d) a desire to do something which requires initiative and doing it at his will and pleasure.

1. Explanation :

   Occupation absorbs time and energy so long as we choose to give them

Ans .

(c) Work has obvious utility and brings tangible rewards, while occupation is an end in itself.

1. Explanation :

   Work implies necessity and contributes to one’s subsistence in particular while an occupation is an end in itself.

Ans .

(c) that class which is well educated.

1. Explanation :

   The articulate minority refers to the educated and intelligent class.

Ans .

(c) democracy provides greater scope for the rule of the minority.

1. Explanation :

   The passage states that democracy gives more minorities more scope to have their own way than any other system.

Ans .

(c) is the result of a proven record of the success of democracy.

1. Explanation :

   We have come to appreciate the virtues of democracy through experience.

Ans .

(d) by proper analysis.

1. Explanation :

   The author states that the lesson about the scope offered by democracy to minorities could have been derived by an analysis of the concept of democracy.

Ans .

(b) a supporter of democracy

1. Explanation :

   The author seems to talk about the virtues of democracy.

Ans .

(d) has become prone to the rule of particular class of people.

1. Explanation :

   Democracies of the world are closer to being ruled by an intelligent, educated minorities.

Ans .

(d) to study the means by which we can adapt ourselves to the new world

1. Explanation :

   The author thinks it is the duty of science to study the means by which we can adapt ourselves to the new world.

Ans .

(a) science has always been intimately associated with war

1. Explanation :

   The examples of these scientists have been given to show that scientists have always been associated with war.

Ans .

(b) it is the work of scientists which has led to this perilous situation and so they should do something to undo the mischief.

1. Explanation :

   The author says that it is the labour of scientists that has led to all these dangers so scientists have to work to save mankind from this madness.

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(b) a readjustment in the scientist’s conception of duty is imperatively necessary.

1. Explanation :

   Till now the scientists felt loyalty to their own state was paramount. But now the loyalty to human race should replace it.

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(c) scientists, whether in the East or West, have hitherto felt that loyalty to their own state is paramount.

1. Explanation :

   The example has been used to prove how scientists felt that loyalty to their states, to whatever ends it led to, was paramount.

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(d) The tradition up to now has been that scientists have been respected for their pursuit of knowledge and not for their part in devising potent weapons of destruction

1. Explanation :

   The passage states that scientists have always been associated with war and always have been respected.

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(c) to see that important knowledge is widely disseminated and is not falsified in the interests of propaganda

1. Explanation :

   The passage states that it is part of the duty of men of science to see that important knowledge is widely disseminated and is not falsified in the interests of this or that propaganda.

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(c) adequate progress in the human sciences

1. Explanation :

   Only an adequate progress in human sciences can overcome evils that have resulted from the knowledge of physical world.

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(c) it may free man from bondage to physical nature and the weight of destructive passions

1. Explanation :

   Science is in its very nature a liberator, a liberator of bondage to physical nature and, in time to come a liberator from the weight of destructive passion.

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(c) Development cannot be planned.

1. Explanation :

   The whole argument is based on the fact that we are planning our development with a purpose in mind. If development cannot be planned, the argument is weakened.

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(c) Both I and III

1. Explanation :

   The statement that our economic development is inspired by social justice implies both the assumptions.

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(a) Social justice can be done by raising the standard of living

1. Explanation :

   The argument suggests that our economic development will lead to better standard of living and it will in turn bring social justice.

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(c) Both I and II

1. Explanation :

   The reasons given for taking interest in hydro electric projects are that oil prices are increasing and that renewable sources should be tapped.

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a) Generation of hydroelectric power is more costly than oil.

1. Explanation :

   If it is costlier than such projects will not help in the face of rising oil prices.

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(b) Only II

1. Explanation :

   The statement suggests that without music, dance or art one cannot be fully alive, hence there can be no civilization.

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(c) Art has no relation with civilization.

1. Explanation :

   If art has no relation with civilization the whole argument is nullified.

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(b) Only the vibrantly alive can contribute to civilization.

1. Explanation :

   The statement considers being vibrantly alive as being a necessary condition for being civilized.

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(c) Two political parties limit the choice of the voters.

1. Explanation :

   If two parties limit the choice of the voters, we cannot have a true democracy.

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(a) The game of politics is played like any other game, for example, football.

1. Explanation :

   If politics were also played like any other game then two parties would be enough to play that game.

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(c) Only III

1. Explanation :

   The author states that democracy would be possible with just two parties if it were a game like cricket, thus assuming that cricket is played by two parties, or teams.